Neurones And Yeah Flashcards
Structure or a neurone
Cell body = contains a nucleus which contains the genetic information of a cell
Axon= carries inpulses away from the cell body
Myelin sheath= speeds up electrical transmissions
Terminal button = doesn’t connect but involves in communication across a gap which is called a synapse
Types of neurones
Sensory neurones = carries information from sensory receptors
Motor neurones = carries inpulses fron the CNS, along nerves in PNS, to effectors in the body
Relay neurones = connects motor + sensory together, also connects to other relay neurones
Function of a neuron
When a neurone is inna resting state , it becomes negatively charged
When activated, it becomes positively charged
This switch from negative - positive = depolarisation.
Creates electrical inpulse which travels down axon to terminal button
Called firing
Sypnatic transmission
Neurons communicate with each other in groups called a nueral network
Neurons dont touch and are seperated through a gap called sypnatic cleft
Neurons have to be transmitted chemically through the synapse
Sypnatic transmission is the process where a chemical signal is carried by biochemical substances called neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters are chemicals where it would diffuse across the synapse to attach onto the receptors of the post synaptic neuron
Renaining neurones then are reabsorbed back into the pre synaptic neuron usually by being broken doen first = reuptake
Funcyions of neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters have a specific molecular structure that allows them to fit perfectly into a post synaptic neurons receptor.
Neurotransmitters have specific functions
Excitation + inhibition
Inhibition = negatively charged effect Excitation = positively charged effect
If the net sum is inhibition , less likely to fure
If the net sum is excitation , more likely to fire, becomes positively charged causes depolarisation and action potential travels towards axon
