Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 5 > Neuronal Communication > Flashcards

Neuronal Communication Flashcards

1
Q

How does the nervous system Co-ordinate the body’s response to stimuli /what the cns vs pns does

A

CNS - brain & spinal cord co-ordinates response
PNS - receptors, sensory & motor neurones: connect the CNS to the external environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do transducers do

A

Convert one form of energy into electrical impulses e.g. stimulus -> nerve impulse (aka action potential)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of sensory receptors, the stimulus, an example of a receptor, and example of sense organs (4)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Structure of the Pacinian Corpuscle

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In its resting state, stretch mediated Na+ ion channels are open or closed?

A

Closed, & too narrow for Na+ to pass through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does stimulation (mechanical pressure) of the pacinian corpuscle lead to a nervous impulse

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens if there’s a larger stimulus applying pressure on the pacinian corpuscle

A
  • more gated Na+ channels open -> more Na+ enters the cell -> more generator potential established -> threshold potential is exceeded (at a large enough stimulus) -> action potential reached -> nerve impulse transmitted along sensory neurone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Basic general structure of neurones (cell body, dendrons, axon)

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the cell surface membrane contain to control the entry / exit of ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+)

A

Many gated ion channels
Pumps use ATP to actively transport Na+ out and H+ in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the myelin sheath & what does it do

A

Fatty laye formed by Schwann cells tightly wrapping around the axon
Insulates the axon from electrical activity
Nodes of Ranvier are in the gaps of the myelin sheath (small uninsulated sections along the axon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sensory neurone structure

A

Cell body outside of CNS
Cell body branches off in middle of cell
Short axon
No dendrites
Carries action potential from sensory receptor to CNS
Myelinated!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Relay neurone structure

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Motor neurone structures

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Myelinated-insulated axon versus Non-myelinated

A
  • these neurones tend to carry action potentials over larger distances
    -> faster transmission of action potential along neuron
  • more rapid response to a stimulus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Myelinated neurones vs non-myelinated

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How are nerve impulses generated

A
17
Q

Stages of an action potential (can only travel in 1 direction)

A
  1. Stimulus occurs
  2. Depolarisation of membrane
  3. Repolarisation of membrane
  4. Hyperpoladisarion of membrane
  5. Return to resting potential
18
Q

Whats saltatory conductions

A

How the presence of Schwann cells means the action potentials ‘jump’ from one node of Ranvier to the next (less time wasted)
Only occurs at the node as the ions can’t diffuse through the fatty layer of tightly wrapped schwann cells

19
Q

Graph showing the 5 stages of an action potential

A
20
Q

What is the significance of the refractory period

A

It separates impulses from one another, restricting the no, of. Impulses transmitted in a time + ensures impulses only pass 1 direction

21
Q

1) what happens when the stimulus occurs

A
22
Q

2) what happens during depolarisation

A
23
Q

What happens during repolarisation

A
24
Q

4) What happens during hyperpolarisation

A
25
Q

5) why does return to resting potential occur

A

Voltage gated K+ channels closed
Na-K ion pump restores resting potential

26
Q

What are the key properties of an action potential

A
27
Q

Synaptic neurone diagram

A
28
Q

Synapse diagram

A

A function between neurones allowing the action potential to be passed from one to another

29
Q

Pre vs post synaptic neurone

A
30
Q

Why are synapses important despite them slowing transmission down

A
31
Q

What is summation

A

The effect of the build up of neurotransmitters in the synapse
Causes the build up of action potentials in the synapse
An action potential only generates if neurotransmitters = threshold level

32
Q

What’s spatial summation

A

Multiple pre synaptic neurones connected to one post synaptic synapse

33
Q

What’s temporal summation

A

One presynaotic neurone with several action potentials is connected to one synapse

34
Q

How do inhibitory transmitters work

A
35
Q

How do excitatory neurotransmitters work

A
36
Q

Cholinergic synapse action - using Ach as a neurotransmitter

A
37
Q

How to prevent continuous generation of an action potential

A

Module 5 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions