Neuron anatomy (fleckinstein) week 2 Flashcards
Central nervous system (CNS) components
Brain and Spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) comonents
Somatic and Autonomic
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) components
Sympathetic-Fight or Flight
Parasympathetic-Rest and Digest
Neurotransmitter for Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
Sympathetic-norepinephrine
Parasym-acetylcholine
What is the common name for Perikaryon
cell body or soma
axon hilock
where membrane potentials are propagated from synaptic inputs and are summated before being transmitted down the axon
terminals (boutons)
the bud ends for dendrites
dendrites
short small processes emerging and branching off the cell body. Usually have many synapses, dendrites are the principal signal reception and processing sites on neurons.
arborization
allows a single neuron to receive and integrate signals from many other nerve cells.
why are changes in dendritic spines key?
allow neural plasticity that occurs during embryonic brain development and underlies adaptation,learning, and memory postnatally
Astryocyte
- helps form BBB
- regulates interstitial fluid composition
- provides structural support and organization to the CNS
- assists with neuronal development by producing growth factors and neuroactive factors
- STAR SHAPED
Ependymal cells
- lines ventricles(columnar ependymal) of brain and central canal of spinal cord
- assists in production and circulation of CSF
Microglial cells
phagocytic cells that move through the CNS
Protects CNS by engulfing infectious agents and other potential harmful substances
oligodendrocyte
myelinates and insulates CNS axons
allows for faster propagation along axons in CNS
Schwann cell or neurolemmocyte
Surround and insulate PNS axons
allows for faster propagation along axon in PNS
