Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Biology > Neuron > Flashcards

Neuron Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Functional unit of the nervous system

A

Neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cell body of neuron — contains organelles

A

Soma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Extensions that receive signals

A

Dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Long extensions that transmit signals

A

Axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cells around neuron that produce the myelin sheath

A

Schwann cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Insulation along the axon; quickens conduction of signals

A

Myelin sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gaps between myelin sheath

A

Nodes of Ranvier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where action potential can be reached

A

Axon hillock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ending of axon

A

Axon terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gap between one neuron and another neuron, gland, or muscle cells

A

Synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Presynaptic cell _________ signal

A

Transmits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Postsynaptic cell ________ signal

A

Receives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chemical messages released from vesticles in the synaptic terminals into synapse

A

Neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dopamine and serotonin are examples of

A

Neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Transmit information from sensory receptors to the brain

A

Sensory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Connect sensory and motor neurons to make local connections in brain and spinal cord

A

Interneuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Transmit signals to effectors

A

Motor neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Difference in electrical charge across a cell

A

Membrane potential

19
Q

“All or none” response to depolarization of the membrane

A

Action potential

20
Q

Causes depolarization; moves membrane potential closer to threshold

A

Excitatory neurotransmitters

21
Q

Causes hypopolarization; moves membrane potential away from threshold

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitters

22
Q

Nerve impulses jump between the nodes of Ranvier

A

Saltatory conduction

23
Q

Transmission of information from neurons to other cells occur at synapses

A

Neuron communication

24
Q

Complex network of nervous tissue that carries signals throughout the body

A

The nervous system

25
Q

Simple autonomic response to stimulus

A

Reflex

26
Q

Response pathway

A

Ensure input —> integration —> motor input

27
Q

Consists of bundled axons

A

White matter

28
Q

Supporting cells in nervous systems

A

Glial cells

29
Q

Line ventricles of the brain — have cilia to promote circulation of spinal fluid

A

Ependymal cells

30
Q

Star shaped cells — facilitate transfer, promotion of blood flow to neurons

A

Astrocytes

31
Q

Myelinate axons in the CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

32
Q

Mylinate axons in the PNS

A

Schwann cells

33
Q

Immune cells in the CNS

A

Microglia

34
Q

Brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

35
Q

Transmits information to and from the CNS

A

Peripheral nervous system

36
Q

Carries signals to skeletal muscles

A

Somatic nervous system

37
Q

Regulates smooth and cardiac muscles

A

Autonomic nervous system

38
Q

Increases heart rate

A

Sympathetic nervous system

39
Q

Decreases heart rate

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

40
Q

Exerts direct and partially

A

Enteric nervous system

41
Q

Responsible for breathing, swallowing and digestion — conducts sensory and moto signals between spinal cord and higher brain regions

A

Brainstem

42
Q

Coordinates movement and balance

A

Cerebellum

43
Q

Main center for which sensory and motor information passes to and from cerebrum

A

Thalamus

44
Q

Regulates homeostasis & information processing

A

Hypothalamus

AP Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions