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AP Biology > Energy Test (Vocab) > Flashcards

Energy Test (Vocab) Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Acytl-coA

A

.

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2
Q

Activation energy

A

The amount of energy that a reactant is required to expend in order for a reaction to take place

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3
Q

Active sight

A

The place in which the substrate binds to an enzyme

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4
Q

Anabolism

A

Pathways that require an input of energy to synthesize complex molecules

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5
Q

Anaerobic

A

Process in which organisms convert energy for their use in the absence of oxygen

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6
Q

Metabolism

A

All the chemical reactions that take place inside cells — includes anabolism and catabolism

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7
Q

Allosteric regulation

A

.

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8
Q

ATP

A

The cell’s energy “currency” — adenosine triphosphate

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9
Q

Autotroph

A

Organisms that have the ability to make their own food

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10
Q

Calvin cycle

A

Process by which carbon dioxide is converted into carbohydrates through the use of NADPH and ATP

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11
Q

Catabolism

A

Pathways in which complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones

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12
Q

Catalyst

A

A complex or molecule that speeds up a reaction

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13
Q

Cellular respiration

A

Process in which organisms convert energy for their use in the absence of oxygen

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14
Q

Chemiosmosis

A

Process in which ATP is made through cellular metabolism by involvement of a proton gradient across a membrane

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15
Q

Chemoautotroph

A

Organism that can build organic molecules using energy derived from inorganic chemicals instead of sunlight

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16
Q

Chlorophyll

A

Pigment that captures light energy in photosynthesis

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17
Q

Citric acid cycle

A

Process in matrix of mitochondria that uses pyruvic acid to create NADH and FADH(2)

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18
Q

Coenzyme

A

Organic molecule that enhances the activity of an enzyme

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19
Q

Cofactor

A

Inorganic ion that regulates enzyme activity

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20
Q

Cellular compartmentalization

A

.

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21
Q

Consumer

A

.

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22
Q

Christae

A

Inner folds of the mitochondrial membrane

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23
Q

Cyclic electron flow

A

.

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24
Q

Denaturation

A

Changed the natural properties of a substance

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25
Q

Ectothermic

A

Animal incapable of maintaining a constant internal body temperature

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26
Q

ETC

A

Group of proteins between PSII and PSI that pass energized electrons and use energy released by those electrons to move H+ ions against concentration gradient into the thylakoid membrane

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27
Q

Entropy

A

Disorder

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28
Q

Enthalpy

A

Totally energy of a system (heat)

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29
Q

Enzyme

A

Proteins that act as catalysts in chemical reactions

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30
Q

Exergonic reaction

A

Chemical reactions that release energy

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31
Q

Exothermic

A

.

32
Q

FAD

A

.

33
Q

Inhibitor

A

Molecule that binds to a protein and keeps it from functioning

34
Q

Fermentation

A

.

35
Q

Gibbs free energy

A

Usable energy — energy available to do work

36
Q

Glycolysis

A

Process of breaking down glucose into 3C molecules and producing ATP and NADH

37
Q

Heterotroph

A

Organism that consumes organic substances or other organisms for food

38
Q

Induced fit model

A

Both the enzyme and substrate Monty their structures for allow for ideal binding

39
Q

Krebs cycle

A

.

40
Q

Light dependent reactions

A

.

41
Q

Light independent reactions

A

.

42
Q

Matrix

A

.

43
Q

Metabolic pathway

A

.

44
Q

NAD+/NADH/NADP

A

.

45
Q

Non-cyclic energy flow

A

.

46
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation

A

.

47
Q

Photlysis

A

.

48
Q

Photosynthesis

A

.

49
Q

Ribulose biphosphate

A

.

50
Q

Substrate-level

A

.

51
Q

Phosphorylation

A

.

52
Q

Pyruvate

A

.

53
Q

Thylakoid membrane

A

Where light dependent reactions take place

54
Q

The study of energy flowing through living systems

A

Bioenergetics

55
Q

Where is enthalpy stored

A

Chemical bonds

56
Q

Measure of disorder and randomness

A

Entropy

57
Q

Exergonic reaction example

A

Cellular respiration

58
Q

Endergonic reaction example

A

Photosynthesis

59
Q

First two laws of thermodynamics

A
  1. Energy cannot be created not destroyed, only transferred

2. Every time energy is transformed, entropy increases

60
Q

G<0

A

Spontaneous (exergonic)

61
Q

G>0

A

Non-spontaneous (endergonic)

62
Q

G=0

A

Equilibrium

63
Q

Two metabolic pathways

A

Anabolic and catabolic

64
Q

Reactant which binds to enzyme

A

Substrate

65
Q

Enzyme-substrate complex

A

Temporary association

- enzyme+substrate = products

66
Q

Example of active sight

A

Surcase:

  • enzyme breaks down sucrose
  • binds to sucrose & breaks down disaccharide into fructose and glucose
67
Q

Key factors that effect enzymes

A
  • activators
  • inhibitors
  • temperature
  • pH
68
Q

Keeps enzyme in inactive form

A

Inhibitor

69
Q

Keeps enzyme in active form

A

Activator

70
Q

Spontaneous is an _______ reaction

A

Exergonic

71
Q

Non-spontaneous is an ________ reaction

A

Endergonic

72
Q

Factors that effect the rate of a reaction

A
  • temperature
  • pH
  • substrate concentration
  • enzyme concentration
  • inhibitors
  • activators
73
Q

2 types of inhabition

A
  • competitive: will compete for spot where they combine (active sight) higher amount will win
  • non-competitive: inhibitors binds to allosteric sight so substrate cannot fit
74
Q

Describe how a photosystems converts light energy to chemical energy

A

.

75
Q

Explain how glycolysis releases free energy from glucose

A

.

76
Q

Describe role of water on both cellular respiration and photosysnthesis

A

.

AP Biology (6 decks)

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