Neuromuscular system Flashcards
What is the muscle spindle?
The belly of the muscle which sends a message to the brain about the length of the muscle
What is the Golgi Tendon organ?
Send a message to the brain about the tension put on the muscle
What do tendons do?
Connect muscle to the bone
What is the role of ENDOYMSIUM with in the skeleton muscle?
It covers the muscle
What is the role of fasciculi within the Skeletal muscle?
It protects the muscle
What is myofibrils
Where actin and myosin meet
What causes muscle contractions?
Sliding filament theory of muscle contractions. When Actin and Myosin meet
What four elements make up muscle tissue?
Actin
Myosin
Troponin
Tropomyosin
What do these 4 components form? Actin Myosin Troponin Tropomyosin
muscle tissue
What is tropomyosin?
A block or preventing actin and myosin from connecting
What is Actin?
A thin filament which has energy
What is myosin?
A thick filament with cross the bridge heads
It helps to create ATP and should be paired with endurance training
mitochondria
What Is the source that pulls troponin from tropomyosin so that myosin can bind and slide with Actin?
Calcium
What does calcium do?
What is Gradation of force?
The recruitment size principal a.k.a. Hememen’s size principle.
What is the size principle?
Small muscle fibres are recruited before bigger ones.
The principle states either the entire muscle contracts or it doesn’t
The all or nothing principle
What are the two general types of muscle fibers?
Slow muscle fibres for endurance
Fast muscle fibres for strength speed and power
Slow muscle fibres are considered to be what type?
Type I are slow endurance and muscle fibres
Fast muscle fibres are considered to be what type
Type to muscle fibres are fast explosive power fibers. There are two types of type to type to pay which is power and endurance and type to be fast twitch and fatigue easy
This muscle contracts and is the prime mover within an exercise
AGONIST
hypertrophy involves lifting what percentage
Over 80%
These Metabolic specificities are considered to be what?
ATP
Glycogen
Glycolytic enzymesPKF
Metabolic adaptation
That’s explosive energy that has a glucose is
Glycogen
Change into testosterone and growth hormone are considered to be what type of adaptation
Endocrine adaptations
Endocrine adaptations are
Testosterone
Growth hormone
hypertrophy - increase size
Atrophy - decrease size
hyperplasia - cells multiply
Sarcopenia - loss due to age
Muscular strength adaptations
It is the rate of change of distance over time
Velocity
Is the rate of change of velocity with time impacting speed and direction.
Acceleration
This lever is Least common to humans because such an arrangement always results in mechanical advantage and thus reduce speed and range of motion
Second class levers
In humans the third class lever is most common because of its best design for
Large range and speed of motion
These occur a ball and socket joint such as hip and shoulder which are commonly involved in strength and
Wheel axle systems
The Length Tension Effect, states that
The great tension is produced when the muscle is at or near resting length
What force are angles other than perpendicular, only a portion of the muscle force is directed to produce joint rotation, with the remainder tending to either pull the joint together is
A stabilizing force
What force are the angles other than perpendicular, only a portion of the muscle forces directed to produce joint rotation, with the remainder to heading to either pull the joint APART?
Dislocating force
Combination of length tension effect and angle of pull result in the _________ ______ for a particular movement
Strength curve
The direction of the force that must be overcome during resistance training is termed
Line of resistance
When training with free weights, the line or resistance is always______ _______Because the resistance is a gravitational weight force on the barbell or dumbbell.
Vertically down
Using combinations of levers and pulleys the line numbers distance for a given exercise can be_____
Any direction
What is the sticking region
Is the point in the movement that the lift is most likely to fail
Hyper trophy involves an increase in the
Cross-sectional area of muscle fibres
What are the two phases of metabolism
Anabolism - build up - produce glycogen
Catabolism - break down -breaks down glycogen to make ATP
What are endocrine hormones
Hormones that are released into the bloodstream
What are paracrine hormones
Hormones that leave the cell but do not enter into circulation
What are autocrine hormones
Hormones that never leave the cell
What hormone signals growth of muscle
Testosterone
What hormone is your long-term stress hormone impacting yourflight or fight
Cortisol hormone
What hormone causes the growth of all tissue
Growth hormone
Which hormone increases Adrenaline and heart rate
Epinephrine
Testosterone response most when
Large muscle mass, multi joint exercises are performed and high power exercises are used
Cortisol responds best to
Resistance exercises
This hormone responds best to Freeweight rather than machine exercises
Growth hormone
What is the function of the skeletal system
Structure and Protection
Movement pulling muscles to create movement
Blood cell production
This law states that the densities, and to a lesser extent the size and shapes of bones are determined by the magnitude of direction of the active force applied to the bone.
Wolff’s Law
What is the skeletal system adaptations to loading?
Wollf’s law
Minimal essential strain
Minimum volume and intensity of Lodi required to cause an increase in bone density is
minimal essential strain
Spinal alignment maladies: scoliosis
the curving of the spine
Spinal alignment: Lordosis
The arch the spine
Spinal alignment: kyphosis
Extended spine
The loss of bone mineral density and distraction of associated with matrix material is
Osteoporosis
