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Performance Enhancement > Neuromuscular system > Flashcards

Neuromuscular system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the muscle spindle?

A

The belly of the muscle which sends a message to the brain about the length of the muscle

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2
Q

What is the Golgi Tendon organ?

A

Send a message to the brain about the tension put on the muscle

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3
Q

What do tendons do?

A

Connect muscle to the bone

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4
Q

What is the role of ENDOYMSIUM with in the skeleton muscle?

A

It covers the muscle

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5
Q

What is the role of fasciculi within the Skeletal muscle?

A

It protects the muscle

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6
Q

What is myofibrils

A

Where actin and myosin meet

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7
Q

What causes muscle contractions?

A

Sliding filament theory of muscle contractions. When Actin and Myosin meet

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8
Q

What four elements make up muscle tissue?

A

Actin
Myosin
Troponin
Tropomyosin

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9
Q 
What do these 4 components form?
Actin
Myosin
Troponin
Tropomyosin
A

muscle tissue

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10
Q

What is tropomyosin?

A

A block or preventing actin and myosin from connecting

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11
Q

What is Actin?

A

A thin filament which has energy

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12
Q

What is myosin?

A

A thick filament with cross the bridge heads

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13
Q

It helps to create ATP and should be paired with endurance training

A

mitochondria

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14
Q

What Is the source that pulls troponin from tropomyosin so that myosin can bind and slide with Actin?

A

Calcium

What does calcium do?

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15
Q

What is Gradation of force?

A

The recruitment size principal a.k.a. Hememen’s size principle.

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16
Q

What is the size principle?

A

Small muscle fibres are recruited before bigger ones.

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17
Q

The principle states either the entire muscle contracts or it doesn’t

A

The all or nothing principle

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18
Q

What are the two general types of muscle fibers?

A

Slow muscle fibres for endurance

Fast muscle fibres for strength speed and power

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19
Q

Slow muscle fibres are considered to be what type?

A

Type I are slow endurance and muscle fibres

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20
Q

Fast muscle fibres are considered to be what type

A

Type to muscle fibres are fast explosive power fibers. There are two types of type to type to pay which is power and endurance and type to be fast twitch and fatigue easy

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21
Q

This muscle contracts and is the prime mover within an exercise

A

AGONIST

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22
Q

hypertrophy involves lifting what percentage

A

Over 80%

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23
Q

These Metabolic specificities are considered to be what?
ATP
Glycogen
Glycolytic enzymesPKF

A

Metabolic adaptation

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24
Q

That’s explosive energy that has a glucose is

A

Glycogen

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25
Q

Change into testosterone and growth hormone are considered to be what type of adaptation

A

Endocrine adaptations

26
Q

Endocrine adaptations are

A

Testosterone

Growth hormone

27
Q

hypertrophy - increase size
Atrophy - decrease size
hyperplasia - cells multiply
Sarcopenia - loss due to age

A

Muscular strength adaptations

28
Q

It is the rate of change of distance over time

A

Velocity

29
Q

Is the rate of change of velocity with time impacting speed and direction.

A

Acceleration

30
Q

This lever is Least common to humans because such an arrangement always results in mechanical advantage and thus reduce speed and range of motion

A

Second class levers

31
Q

In humans the third class lever is most common because of its best design for

A

Large range and speed of motion

32
Q

These occur a ball and socket joint such as hip and shoulder which are commonly involved in strength and

A

Wheel axle systems

33
Q

The Length Tension Effect, states that

A

The great tension is produced when the muscle is at or near resting length

34
Q

What force are angles other than perpendicular, only a portion of the muscle force is directed to produce joint rotation, with the remainder tending to either pull the joint together is

A

A stabilizing force

35
Q

What force are the angles other than perpendicular, only a portion of the muscle forces directed to produce joint rotation, with the remainder to heading to either pull the joint APART?

A

Dislocating force

36
Q

Combination of length tension effect and angle of pull result in the _________ ______ for a particular movement

A

Strength curve

37
Q

The direction of the force that must be overcome during resistance training is termed

A

Line of resistance

38
Q

When training with free weights, the line or resistance is always______ _______Because the resistance is a gravitational weight force on the barbell or dumbbell.

A

Vertically down

39
Q

Using combinations of levers and pulleys the line numbers distance for a given exercise can be_____

A

Any direction

40
Q

What is the sticking region

A

Is the point in the movement that the lift is most likely to fail

41
Q

Hyper trophy involves an increase in the

A

Cross-sectional area of muscle fibres

42
Q

What are the two phases of metabolism

A

Anabolism - build up - produce glycogen

Catabolism - break down -breaks down glycogen to make ATP

43
Q

What are endocrine hormones

A

Hormones that are released into the bloodstream

44
Q

What are paracrine hormones

A

Hormones that leave the cell but do not enter into circulation

45
Q

What are autocrine hormones

A

Hormones that never leave the cell

46
Q

What hormone signals growth of muscle

A

Testosterone

47
Q

What hormone is your long-term stress hormone impacting yourflight or fight

A

Cortisol hormone

48
Q

What hormone causes the growth of all tissue

A

Growth hormone

49
Q

Which hormone increases Adrenaline and heart rate

A

Epinephrine

50
Q

Testosterone response most when

A

Large muscle mass, multi joint exercises are performed and high power exercises are used

51
Q

Cortisol responds best to

A

Resistance exercises

52
Q

This hormone responds best to Freeweight rather than machine exercises

A

Growth hormone

53
Q

What is the function of the skeletal system

A

Structure and Protection
Movement pulling muscles to create movement
Blood cell production

54
Q

This law states that the densities, and to a lesser extent the size and shapes of bones are determined by the magnitude of direction of the active force applied to the bone.

A

Wolff’s Law

55
Q

What is the skeletal system adaptations to loading?

A

Wollf’s law

Minimal essential strain

56
Q

Minimum volume and intensity of Lodi required to cause an increase in bone density is

A

minimal essential strain

57
Q

Spinal alignment maladies: scoliosis

A

the curving of the spine

58
Q

Spinal alignment: Lordosis

A

The arch the spine

59
Q

Spinal alignment: kyphosis

A

Extended spine

60
Q

The loss of bone mineral density and distraction of associated with matrix material is

A

Osteoporosis

Performance Enhancement (6 decks)

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