Neuromuscular Response To Exercise / 3

Question 1

represents the interface between the end of a myelinated motor neuron and muscle fiber

Answer 1

nmj

Question 2

nmj transmits the blank to initiate muscle action

Answer 2

nerve impulse

Question 3

t tubule causes blank release from the sr

Answer 3

calcium

Question 4

calcium binds to blank and blank during muscle contraction in blank

Answer 4

troponin, tropomyosin, actin

Question 5

after cross bridge forms, blank breaks it

Answer 5

atp

Question 6

after contraction, calcium goes to blank

Answer 6

sr

Question 7

number of blank per motor neuron generally relates to a muscles particular movement function

Answer 7

muscle fibers

Question 8

motor unit consists of the blank motor neuron and the fibers it innervates

Answer 8

anterior

Question 9

each muscle fiber receives input from blank neurons

Answer 9

one

Question 10

a motor neuron can innervate blank muscles

Answer 10

many

Question 11

nerve fiber groups

Answer 11

alpha, beta, delta, c nerve

Question 12

the blank of a nerve fiber dictates the speed of neural transmission within the fiber

Answer 12

thickness

Question 13

motor unit contains blank muscle fiber types

Answer 13

1

Question 14

three classification properties of motor units and the fibers they innervate

Answer 14

twitch, tension, fatigability

Question 15

slow twitch fibers have blank force

Answer 15

low

Question 16

type 2a muscle fibers are blank resistant and blank force

Answer 16

fatigue, moderate

Question 17

type 2b muscle fibers are blank force

Answer 17

high

Question 18

motor neurons have a blank effect on the muscle fibers

Answer 18

stimulating

Question 19

A stimulus strong enough to trigger an action potential in the motor neuron activates all of the accompanying muscle fibers in the motor unit to contract synchronously

Answer 19

all or none

Question 20

adding on action potential onto another

Answer 20

temporal summation

Question 21

The force of muscle action varies from slight to maximal via two mechanisms

Answer 21

increased number of motor units recruited, increased frequency of motor unit discharge

Question 22

motor unit recruitement describes adding motor units to increase blank

Answer 22

muscle force

Question 23

As muscle force requirements increase, motor neurons are recruited with progressively larger

Answer 23

axons

Question 24

blank motor units with low thresholds stimulates first during light activities

Answer 24

slow twitch

Question 25

strength gains can be seen after blank training sessions

Answer 25

one

Question 26

mostly blank adaptation accounts for changes in strength over first three weeks

Answer 26

neural

Question 27

increased neural drive begins in blank

Answer 27

motor cortex

Question 28

one cannot recruit all blank during a task

Answer 28

motor units

Question 29

Resistance training causes what to happen to motor unit activation (4)

Answer 29

1. Increase in the number of motor units recruited 2. Increase in motor unit firing rate 3. Increased potential for motor unit “synchronization” 4. Reduction in co-activation of antagonist muscles

Question 30

these connect to extrafusa fibers near tendon's junction to muscle

Answer 30

golgi tendon organs

Question 31

golgi tendon organs Detect differences in the blank generated by active muscle (excessive load)

Answer 31

tension

Question 32

golgi receptors transmit signals to the spinal cord to elicit reflex blank of the muscles they supply

Answer 32

inhibition

Question 33

resistance training blank gto inhibition

Answer 33

decreases

Question 34

Alterations in brain neurotransmitter concentrations which alter the density of neural impulse reaching the exercising muscles

Answer 34

central fatigue

Question 35

decreased nerve impulse equals decreased blank

Answer 35

force production

Question 36

nmj has the potential to adapt depending on the blank of activity

Answer 36

intensity

Question 37

low intensity training increases blank expansiveness

Answer 37

nmj

Question 38

high intensity training increases dispersion of blank

Answer 38

synapses

Question 39

blank helps things like cognitive function, learning, mood disorders

Answer 39

aerobic exercise

Question 40

aerobic exercise increases blank to brain and amount of blank

Answer 40

circulation, neurotrophins (like bdnf, insulin, fibroblast growth factor)

Question 41

neurotrophin that is instrumental in changing the brain, especially in the hippocampus

Answer 41

bdnf

Question 42

an area of brain important for learning and making memories

Answer 42

hippocampus

Question 43

bdnf is regulated by blank

Answer 43

physical activity

Question 44

high levels of bdnf allow better blank

Answer 44

memory/recall

Question 45

central fatigue is when the brain blank (test question)

Answer 45

lacks the ability to generate as many action potentials

Question 46

nmj expansiveness does not mean blank size, just the appearance of the blank

Answer 46

physical, fibers

Question 47

1 sarcomere equals 1 blank

Answer 47

muscle fiber

Question 48

a sarcomere spans one blank

Answer 48

z line

Question 49

fast twitch muscle fibers have high blank activity

Answer 49

myosin atpase

Question 50

fast twitch muscle fibers have rapid blank release and uptake by an efficent blank

Answer 50

calcium ion, sr

Question 51

fast twitch fibers intrinsic speed of shortening and tension development is blank times faster than slow twitch

Answer 51

3-5

Question 52

fast twitch fibers do not have a lot of blank

Answer 52

mitochondria

Question 53

fastest glycolytic fibers

Answer 53

type 2b

Question 54

an increase in muscular tension with exercise training provides the primary stimulus for blank

Answer 54

hypertrophy

Question 55

high levels of strain on muscle fibers disrupt the blank structure

Answer 55

myofibrils

Question 56

mRNA mediates the stimulation of myofibrillar blank

Answer 56

protein synthesis (hypertrophy)

Question 57

hypertrophy is the blank of protein synthesis in response to muscle damage

Answer 57

overcompensation

Question 58

aerobic exercise at low intensity blank muscle fibers

Answer 58

does not change

Question 59

aerobic exercise at high intensities blank muscles fibers

Answer 59

changes

Question 60

enlargement of existing muscle fibers represents the greatest change in blank

Answer 60

cross sectional area

Question 61

hypertrophy is not recognizable until blank

Answer 61

6-8 weeks

Question 62

largest nerve fiber

Answer 62

alpha

Question 63

smallest and slowest nerve fiber that is myelinated

Answer 63

delta

Question 64

smallest and slowest unmyelinated nerve fiber

Answer 64

c nerve

Question 65

cessation of resistance exercise

Answer 65

de training

Question 66

do not confuse detraining with blank

Answer 66

disuse

Question 67

condition of muscle loss

Answer 67

sarcopnea

Question 68

normal maintenance of a muscle fiber is the product of protein blank and blank

Answer 68

synthesis, degradation

Question 69

synthesis is less than breakdown then there is blank

Answer 69

atrophy

Question 70

at minimum, blank percent of one rep max in both concentric and eccentric phase of motion and time for synthesis to take place in order for blank to occur

Answer 70

75%, hypertrophy

Question 71

number of myofibrils blank during atrophy

Answer 71

decreases

Question 72

muscle that is routinely stretch may eventually add blank in series

Answer 72

sarcomeres

Question 73

sarcomeres added in series add to the blank

Answer 73

musculotendinous junction

Question 74

stretching adds blank fibers

Answer 74

type 1