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pt phys of ex > Neuromuscular Response To Exercise / 3 > Flashcards

Neuromuscular Response To Exercise / 3 Flashcards

1
Q

represents the interface between the end of a myelinated motor neuron and muscle fiber

A

nmj

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2
Q

nmj transmits the blank to initiate muscle action

A

nerve impulse

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3
Q

t tubule causes blank release from the sr

A

calcium

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4
Q

calcium binds to blank and blank during muscle contraction in blank

A

troponin, tropomyosin, actin

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5
Q

after cross bridge forms, blank breaks it

A

atp

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6
Q

after contraction, calcium goes to blank

A

sr

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7
Q

number of blank per motor neuron generally relates to a muscles particular movement function

A

muscle fibers

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8
Q

motor unit consists of the blank motor neuron and the fibers it innervates

A

anterior

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9
Q

each muscle fiber receives input from blank neurons

A

one

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10
Q

a motor neuron can innervate blank muscles

A

many

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11
Q

nerve fiber groups

A

alpha, beta, delta, c nerve

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12
Q

the blank of a nerve fiber dictates the speed of neural transmission within the fiber

A

thickness

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13
Q

motor unit contains blank muscle fiber types

A

1

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14
Q

three classification properties of motor units and the fibers they innervate

A

twitch, tension, fatigability

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15
Q

slow twitch fibers have blank force

A

low

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16
Q

type 2a muscle fibers are blank resistant and blank force

A

fatigue, moderate

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17
Q

type 2b muscle fibers are blank force

A

high

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18
Q

motor neurons have a blank effect on the muscle fibers

A

stimulating

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19
Q

A stimulus strong enough to trigger an action potential in the motor neuron activates all of the accompanying muscle fibers in the motor unit to contract synchronously

A

all or none

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20
Q

adding on action potential onto another

A

temporal summation

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21
Q

The force of muscle action varies from slight to maximal via two mechanisms

A

increased number of motor units recruited, increased frequency of motor unit discharge

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22
Q

motor unit recruitement describes adding motor units to increase blank

A

muscle force

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23
Q

As muscle force requirements increase, motor neurons are recruited with progressively larger

A

axons

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24
Q

blank motor units with low thresholds stimulates first during light activities

A

slow twitch

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25
Q

strength gains can be seen after blank training sessions

A

one

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26
Q

mostly blank adaptation accounts for changes in strength over first three weeks

A

neural

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27
Q

increased neural drive begins in blank

A

motor cortex

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28
Q

one cannot recruit all blank during a task

A

motor units

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29
Q

Resistance training causes what to happen to motor unit activation (4)

A
  1. Increase in the number of motor units recruited
  2. Increase in motor unit firing rate
  3. Increased potential for motor unit “synchronization”
  4. Reduction in co-activation of antagonist muscles
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30
Q

these connect to extrafusa fibers near tendon’s junction to muscle

A

golgi tendon organs

31
Q

golgi tendon organs Detect differences in the blank generated by active muscle (excessive load)

A

tension

32
Q

golgi receptors transmit signals to the spinal cord to elicit reflex blank of the muscles they supply

A

inhibition

33
Q

resistance training blank gto inhibition

A

decreases

34
Q

Alterations in brain neurotransmitter concentrations which alter the density of neural impulse reaching the exercising muscles

A

central fatigue

35
Q

decreased nerve impulse equals decreased blank

A

force production

36
Q

nmj has the potential to adapt depending on the blank of activity

A

intensity

37
Q

low intensity training increases blank expansiveness

A

nmj

38
Q

high intensity training increases dispersion of blank

A

synapses

39
Q

blank helps things like cognitive function, learning, mood disorders

A

aerobic exercise

40
Q

aerobic exercise increases blank to brain and amount of blank

A

circulation, neurotrophins (like bdnf, insulin, fibroblast growth factor)

41
Q

neurotrophin that is instrumental in changing the brain, especially in the hippocampus

A

bdnf

42
Q

an area of brain important for learning and making memories

A

hippocampus

43
Q

bdnf is regulated by blank

A

physical activity

44
Q

high levels of bdnf allow better blank

A

memory/recall

45
Q

central fatigue is when the brain blank (test question)

A

lacks the ability to generate as many action potentials

46
Q

nmj expansiveness does not mean blank size, just the appearance of the blank

A

physical, fibers

47
Q

1 sarcomere equals 1 blank

A

muscle fiber

48
Q

a sarcomere spans one blank

A

z line

49
Q

fast twitch muscle fibers have high blank activity

A

myosin atpase

50
Q

fast twitch muscle fibers have rapid blank release and uptake by an efficent blank

A

calcium ion, sr

51
Q

fast twitch fibers intrinsic speed of shortening and tension development is blank times faster than slow twitch

A

3-5

52
Q

fast twitch fibers do not have a lot of blank

A

mitochondria

53
Q

fastest glycolytic fibers

A

type 2b

54
Q

an increase in muscular tension with exercise training provides the primary stimulus for blank

A

hypertrophy

55
Q

high levels of strain on muscle fibers disrupt the blank structure

A

myofibrils

56
Q

mRNA mediates the stimulation of myofibrillar blank

A

protein synthesis (hypertrophy)

57
Q

hypertrophy is the blank of protein synthesis in response to muscle damage

A

overcompensation

58
Q

aerobic exercise at low intensity blank muscle fibers

A

does not change

59
Q

aerobic exercise at high intensities blank muscles fibers

A

changes

60
Q

enlargement of existing muscle fibers represents the greatest change in blank

A

cross sectional area

61
Q

hypertrophy is not recognizable until blank

A

6-8 weeks

62
Q

largest nerve fiber

A

alpha

63
Q

smallest and slowest nerve fiber that is myelinated

A

delta

64
Q

smallest and slowest unmyelinated nerve fiber

A

c nerve

65
Q

cessation of resistance exercise

A

de training

66
Q

do not confuse detraining with blank

A

disuse

67
Q

condition of muscle loss

A

sarcopnea

68
Q

normal maintenance of a muscle fiber is the product of protein blank and blank

A

synthesis, degradation

69
Q

synthesis is less than breakdown then there is blank

A

atrophy

70
Q

at minimum, blank percent of one rep max in both concentric and eccentric phase of motion and time for synthesis to take place in order for blank to occur

A

75%, hypertrophy

71
Q

number of myofibrils blank during atrophy

A

decreases

72
Q

muscle that is routinely stretch may eventually add blank in series

A

sarcomeres

73
Q

sarcomeres added in series add to the blank

A

musculotendinous junction

74
Q

stretching adds blank fibers

A

type 1

pt phys of ex (7 decks)

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