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pt phys of ex > Exercise & Cardiopulm System > Flashcards

Exercise & Cardiopulm System Flashcards

0
Q

no oxygenation of blood occurs in this zone

A

conduction zone

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1
Q

separation of lunge tissue into a series of discrete conduction zones and transitional respiratory zones

A

zones of ventilation

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2
Q

zone of ventilation where gas exchange and blood oxygenation occurs

A

respiratory/transitional zone

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3
Q

inspiring as deeply as possible following a normal inspiration

A

inspiratory reserve volume

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4
Q

inspiratory reserve volume is about blank liters above inspired tidal air

A

2.5-3.5

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5
Q

static lung volume that is after a normal exhalation, continuing to exhale and forcing as much air as possible from the lung 1-1.5 liters

A

expiratory reserve volume

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6
Q

functional residual capacity is equal to blank

A

expiratory reserve volume + Residual lung volume

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7
Q

functional vital capacity is when you do a maximum blank

A

inhale

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8
Q

functional vital capacity equals

A

residual lung volume + expiratory reserve volume + tidal volume

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9
Q

more breaths per minute causes increase in blank

A

tidal volume

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10
Q

these two things decrease when we breathe more during exercise

A

inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume

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11
Q

breathing rate x tidal volume =

A

minute ventilation

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12
Q

average minute ventilation

A

6 L

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13
Q

minute ventilation is increased by increasing the blank or blank of breathing

A

rate, depth

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14
Q

tidal volume for trained and untrained individuals rarely exceed blank percent of vital capacity

A

60

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15
Q

portion of inspired air reaching the alveoli and participating in gas exchange

A

alveolar ventilation

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16
Q

about blank mL of the blank mL of inspired tidal volume at rest enters and mixes with alveolar air

A

350, 500

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17
Q

the remaining 150 - 200 mL of air that does not go into alveoli is stuck in blank

A

anatomic deadspace

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18
Q

ratio of alveolar ventilation to pulmonary blood flow

A

ventilation-perfusion ratio

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19
Q

average V:P ratio is

A

.84

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20
Q

V:P ratio in light exercise

A

about .8

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21
Q

V:P ratio in intense exercise

A

5 L

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22
Q

DESCRIBES the ratio of minute ventilation to oxygen consumption

A

ventilatory equivalent

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23
Q

higher ventilatory equivalents occur in blank, averaging 32 L

A

children

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24
Q

ventilatory equivalent increases more with blank than blank exercise

A

arm, leg

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25
Q

maximum amount of oxygen consumption

A

VO2 max

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26
Q

oxygen consumption increases blank with increase in exercise intensity

A

slightly

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27
Q

the combined and simultaneous effects of several blank and blank stimuli initiate and modulate exercise alveolar ventilation

A

chemical, neural

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28
Q

phase of minute ventilation in exercise/recovery neurogenic stimuli and feedback from active limbs stimulate medulla to increase ventilation abruptly

A

1

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29
Q

phase of minute ventilation in exercise/recovery where minute ventilation plateaus then rises exponentially to meet gas exchange demands

A

2

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30
Q

phase of minute ventilation in exercise/recovery fine tuning of steady ventilation through peripheral sensory mechanisms

A

3

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31
Q

recovery of ventilation after exercise is blank at first then blank

A

fast, slower

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32
Q

during liight and moderate exercise, ventilation increases blank with o2 and co2 production

A

linearly

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33
Q

higher exercise intensities, breathing frequency becomes more blank

A

important (exponential)

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34
Q

ventilation increases mainly through blank volume

A

tidal

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35
Q

signifies when blood lactate concentration systematically increases to blank

A

4.0 mM

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36
Q

lactate threshold is when blank mM shows up in blood

A

1

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37
Q

provides a submaximal exercise measure of aerobic fitness that relates to the beginning of anaerobisis in active muscles

A

OBLA

38
Q

obla occurs without significant metabolic blank or severe cv strain

A

acidosis

39
Q

intense exercise leads to an imbalance between the blank and blank systems

A

glycolytic, aerobic

40
Q

intense exercise causes excess produciton of blank ions in ecf and plasma

A

H+

41
Q

increase in H+ causes respiratory center to increase blank ventilation

A

alveolar

42
Q

increased ventilation means increased blank

A

oxygen consumption

43
Q

high intensity exercises have a disproportionate increase in ventilation compared to blank

A

VO2

44
Q

ventilation is regulated more by the need to remove blank

A

CO2

45
Q

both the blank and blank moderate heart rate at sa node

A

parasympathetic system, sympathetic system

46
Q

heart rate typically increases blank with work rate

A

linearly

47
Q

max heart rate equals

A

220 - age (+/- 10)

48
Q

volume of blood ejected per heart beat

A

stroke volume

49
Q

end diastolic volume - end systolic volume

A

stroke volume

50
Q

stroke volume varies between blank and blank mL per beat

A

60, 100

51
Q

maximum stroke volume equals blank mL per beat

A

100 - 120

52
Q

any factor that increases venous return or slows the heart produces greater preload during the cardiac cycles blank phase

A

diastolic

53
Q

law that states that the hearts force of contraction of the cardiac muscle remains proportional to its initial resting length

A

frank starling

54
Q

elevation of systolic blood pressure causes greater blank

A

systolic ejection

55
Q

stroke volume increases blank with work rate until it reaches near maximum at blank percent of aerobic capacity then it plateaus

A

curvilenear, 50%

56
Q

at super high intensities, stroke volume may actually blank

A

decrease

57
Q

cardiac output at rest varies considerably during blank

A

rest

58
Q

average cardiac output at rest for males

A

5 L

59
Q

average cardiac output at rest for females

A

4 L

60
Q

average male heart rate is blank while female is blank

A

70, 70

61
Q

average male stroke volume is blank while female is blank

A

70 mL, 50-60

62
Q

at exercise intensities up to 50% vo2 max… cardiac output increases are facilitated by increases in both blank and blank

A

heart rate, stroke volume

63
Q

exercising at intensities above blank vo2max, increases in cardiac output are due to blank only

A

heart rate

64
Q

one fifth of cardiac output goes to blank

A

muscle

65
Q

digestive tract, liver, spleen, brain, and kidneys receive major portions of blood during blank

A

rest

66
Q

two things that regulate blood flow

A

local metabolic changes in blood vessels, hormonal changes

67
Q

at rest the myocardium uses blank percent of the oxygen in the blood flowing through the coronary circulation

A

75

68
Q

during exercise, myocardial blood flow experiences a blank to blank fold increase to meet demands of activity

A

four, five

69
Q

cerebral blood flow during exercise increases by blank compared to resting flow

A

25-30%

70
Q

low maximal oxygen consumption corresponds closely with a low maximum blank

A

cardiac output

71
Q

a 5 to 6 L increase in blood flow accompanies each blank Liter increase in oxygen above the resting level

A

1

72
Q

relationship between cardiac output and oxygen consumption is blank at higher intensities

A

unchanged

73
Q

max cardiac output and vo2 max both increase with blank training

A

endurance

74
Q

there is a blank increase in systolic blood pressure with increase levels of exercise

A

linear

75
Q

maximal systolic values of blood pressure should never exceed blank

A

250 mmHg

76
Q

diastolic blood presssure should not exceed blank mmHg

A

115

77
Q

artery blood oxygen content is about blank and constant

A

20 mL

78
Q

vein blood oxygen content varies between blank and blank from rest to exercise

A

13 mL, 3 mL

79
Q

veins lose oxygen during blank but blank dont

A

exercise, arteries

80
Q

some tissues temporarily decrease their blankto make more oxygen available

A

blood supply

81
Q

describes the gradual time dependent downward drift in several cardiovascular responses, most notably stroke volume with concomitant heart rate increase, during prolonged steady rate exercise

A

cardiovascular drift

82
Q

submaximal exercise for more than 15 minutes decreases blank volume which blank stroke volume

A

plasma, decreases

83
Q

heart rate increases when blank decreases to maintain a steady cardiac output

A

stroke volume

84
Q

stroke volume may increase only slightly during blank phase but increases significantly during blank phase of lifting a weight

A

concentric, eccentric

85
Q

during resistance exercise, cardiac output increases due to blank

A

stroke volume

86
Q

peak bp and HR for two legged leg press at 95% 1 rep with valsalva maneuver

A

320/250, 170

87
Q

isometric contractions are mediated by a blank response

A

neurogenic

88
Q

isometric contraction at 20% MVC produce a blank increase in sbp, dbp, and hr

A

modest

89
Q

above a 20% mvc hr increases in relation to tension exerted and there is an abrupt increase in blank

A

SBP

90
Q

stroke volume remains low unless isometric contraction is blank MVC

A

50%

91
Q

highest oxygen consumption during arm exercises is blank than leg exercise

A

20-30% lower

92
Q

less heart rate and ventilation during arm exercise because there is blank in arms than legs

A

less muscle mass

93
Q

arm exercise oxygen consumption is blank than legs during all submaximal exercises

A

higher

pt phys of ex (7 decks)

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