Neuromuscular PT Flashcards
1
Q
1) Primitive reflex: head dropping into extension suddenly for a few inches causes arms to abduct with the fingers open followed by crossing the trunk into adduction and crying 2) normal age of response
A
1) Moro reflex
2) 28 weeks gestation to 5 months
2
Q
ASIA scale level marked by normal sensory and motor function
A
E
3
Q
Inability to control range of movement and the force of muscular activity
A
Dysmetria
4
Q
Descending motor tract for gross postural tone, flexor muscle facilitation and extensor muscle inhibition
A
Rubrospinal tract
5
Q
Meninges and dural spaces from innermost to outermost (and special notes on select ones)
A
Pia mater (SN: forms choroid plexus in ventricles) –> subarachnoid space (SN: contains CSF and cerebral circulatory system) –> arachnoid matter –> subdural space –> dura mater –> epidural space
6
Q
As extremity reaches point of limitation, pt performs a maximal antagonistic contraction while PT resists movement 8-10 seconds. Relax. Move to and repeat in new end range; Reason to perform
A
Contract-relax; increase ROM
7
Q
the forebrain (prosencephalon) consists of the
A
telencephalon (cerebrum, hippocampus, basal ganglia, amygdala) and diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, and epithalamus)
8
Q
Functional outcomes for paraplegia (T1 or lower) injuries include
A
Independent in bed mobility, transfers, W/C management on even surface, ROM/positioning, Mod I for weight shift
9
Q
the midbrain (mesencephalon) consists of the
A
tectum (superior and inferior collici) and tegmentum (cerebral aqueduct, periaqueductal grey matter, reticular formation, substantia nigra, red nucleus)
10
Q
Developmental milestones: main ones at 1) 2-3 months, 2) 4-5 months, 3) 6-7 months, 4) 8-9 months, 5) 10-11 months
6) 12-15 months, 7) 16-24 months, 8) 2 years
A
1) rolls prone to supine
2) brief sitting, supported standing
3) independent sitting
4) hands-knees position, pivoting in sitting, pulls to stand and cruises
5) brief unsupported standing, creeping, walks with hand support
6) walks without support and sideways, creeps upstairs, throws in sitting
7) squats, walks backwards and upstairs/downstairs with rail in step to gait,
8) rides tricycle, walks downstairs alternating feet
11
Q
Challange the somatosensory component of balance by having a patient
A
stand on an altered surface (foam or pillow)
12
Q
Brunnstrom stage marked by isolated joint movements performed with coordination
A
Stage 6
13
Q
Ascending sensory tract for pain and temperature
A
Lateral spinothalamic tract
14
Q
Nerve innervating short head of biceps femoris
A
common peroneal branch of sciatic nerve
15
Q
Brunnstrom stage marked by further decrease in spasticity and independence from limb synergy
A
Stage 5
16
Q
Cranial mixed nerve for touch and pain of posterior tongue and pharanx, taste of posterior tongue, parotid gland function, and muscle movelent of pharanx (gagging, swallowing)
A
CN IX: glosopharyngeal
17
Q
Sensory ascending tract for ipsilateral proprioception, muscle tension and joint sense, and posture in trunk and LEs
A
Dorsal Spinocerebellar tract
18
Q
Using slow reversals with an added isometric contraction at the end of each movement to gain stability
A
Slow reversal holds
19
Q
Test 1 by having pt perceive weight of different objects in the hand, 2 by squeezing the calf or forearm, and 3 by having pt. describe the extend or direction of the movement of one of the limbs.
A
1) Barognosis
2) deep pain
3) kinesthesia
20
Q
PNF pattern D1 extension UE
A
putting the seat belt into the clip
21
Q
Brunnstrom stage marked by decreasing spasticity and movement that is not dictated solely by synergy
A
Stage 4
22
Q
Nerve innervating piriformis, superior and inferior gemelli, obturator internus, quadratus femoris
A
sacral plexus
23
Q
The sensory level of spinal cord injury is determined by the most 1 dermatome with a 2 for pinprick and light touch
A
1) caudal (lowest)
2) normal (2/2)
24
Q
Cranial mixed nerve for taste of anterior tongue, voluntary facial movement, glandular function
A
CN VII: facial
25
Nerve innervating serratus anterior
long thoracic
26
1) Primitive reflex: when the head is supine, body and extremities extend. when head is in prone, body and extremities are flexed. 2) normal age of response
1) Tonic Labyrinthine reflex
| 2) birth - 6 months
27
Strong resisted isometric contraction of antagonist followed by relaxation and passive movement into new agonist range, then repeated (do not move to starting position); Reason to perform
Hold-relax; increase ROM
28
Loss of right or left vision in both eyes (i.e. both eyes have no right side vision)
Homonymous hemianopsia
29
1) Physiological response occurring between 30-60 min after trauma to the spinal cord that lasts up to several weeks. 2) Presentation.
1) Spinal shock
| 2) total flaccid paralysis, loss of all reflexes below level of injury
30
ASIA scale level referred to as sensory incomplete with intact sensory but not motor preservation below the neurologic level; extends through sacral segments S4-5
B
31
Treatment for autonomic dysreflexia
Sit in upright position and check for catheter block or bowel impaction. Emergency medical treatment if cause is not resolved
32
A resisted agonist concentric contraction moving through ROM followed by stabilizing contraction (holding in the position) and then eccentric resisted contraction back to starting position; Reason to perform
Agonistic reversals; control
33
Motor neuron disease characterized by diminished or absent DTRs, atrophy, fasciculations, and hypotonic to flaccid tone
lower motor neuron disease
34
1) Incomplete lesion usually due to a stab wound presenting with paralysis and loss of vibration and position sense ipsilaterally and loss of pain and temperature sense contralaterally. 2) Which tracts are damaged?
1) Brown-Sequard's Syndrome
| 2) corticospinal and dorsal tracts ipsilaterally, lateral spinothalamic tract contralaterally
35
Nerve innervating abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi, dorsal and plantar interossei, lumbricles 2-4, adductor hallucis, quadratus plantae
lateral plantar nerve
36
Right hemisphere specialization
nonverbal processing, artistic ability, mathematical reasoning, holistic and general concept understanding, hand eye coordination, spacial and kinesthetic awareness, body image awareness, expressing negative emotions
37
Type of nerve fibers that are medium sized, myelinated, reasonably fast conducting, pre-ganglionic fibers of the autonomic system
B fibers
38
Brunnstrom stage marked by basic limb synergies and beginning of spasticity
Stage 2
39
Isometric contractions of all muscles around a joint against progressive resistance. pt should relax and move into new range and repeat; Reason to perform
Rhythmic stabilization; increase ROM and coordinate isometric contractions
40
Nerve innervating pectoralis major and minor
medial pectoral
41
Movement therapy in hemiplegia should encourage ___ to recruit active movement of the weak side
overflow
42
Nerve innervating plantar flexors (including FHL and FDL)
tibial nerve
43
Passive technique to decrease hypertonia by rotating extremity; Reason to perform
Rhythmic rotation; increase ROM
44
Cranial mixed nerve for touch and pain of the face, muscles of mastication
CN V: trigeminal
45
Nerve innervating quadriceps muscles, iliacus, pectineus, and sartorius
femoral nerve
46
A combination of bilateral UE asymmetrical extensor patterns performed as closed chain activity
Chopping
47
Nerve innervating rhomboids and levator scapulae
Dorsal scapular
48
Four stages of motor control
mobility, stability, controlled mobility, skill
49
Nerve innervating abductor hallucis, 1st lumbrical, flexor digitorum brevis, and flexor hallucis brevis
medial plantar nerve
50
Types of superficial sensation
temperature, light touch, pain
51
Proximal components are restricted until distal components are activated and initiate movement; Reason to perform
Normal timing; improve coordination
52
Ranchos Los Amigos level of function when pt is in a heightened state of activity and behaves in a bizarre and non-purposeful. Does not discriminate between persons or objects and is unable to cooperate. Verbalizations are incoherent or inappropriate and confabulation may be present. No short or long term recall
IV. Confused-Agitated
53
Nerve innervating glut medius, glut minimus, and tensor fascia latae
superior gluteal nerve
54
Ranchos Los Amigos level of function when pt is able to respond to simple commands fairly consistently with ability to grossly pay attention to environment but highly distractable, lacks ability to focus attention on a specific task. May be able to speak on a social automatic level but confabulates and gets confused. Severely impaired memory and inappropriate use of objects. May perform previously learned tasks with structure but cannot learn new information
V. Confused-inappropriate
55
Nerve innervating most small muscles in the hand, flexor digitorum profundus, and flexor carpi ulnaris
ulnar
56
1) Primitive reflex: sudden loud noise causes surprise and crying 2) normal age of response
1) Startle reflex
| 2) 28 weeks gestation to 5 months
57
Orthostatic BP treatment
gradual progression to upright positioning and use of elastic socks or Ace wrapping, and abdominal binders. sometimes tilt tables or medication
58
1) Primitive reflex: pressure in palm on ulnar side of hand causes flexion of fingers into a strong grasp 2) normal age of response
1) Palmar grasp reflex
| 2) birth to 4 months
59
Designated static positions that Bobath found to inhibit abnormal tonal influences and reflexes
Reflex Inhibiting Posture
60
1) Primitive reflex: supported upright position with soles of feet on firm surface causes reciprocal flexion and extension of the legs. 2) normal age of response
1) walking (stepping) reflex
| 2) 38 weeks gestation to 2 months
61
Brunnstrom stage marked by normal motor function
Stage 7
62
Cranial motor nerve for downward and lateral gaze of eye (superior oblique muscle)
CN IV: trochlear
63
Sensory ascending tract for ipsilateral proprioception, muscle tension and joint sense, and posture in trunk, UEs, and LEs
Ventral spinocerebellar tract
64
PT passively positions an extremity into a shortened position, has pt perform isometric contraction, PT passively lengthens extremity on immediate relaxation after contraction using a quick stretch. pt then tries to reposition the extremity into shortened position; Reason to perform
Hold-relax active movement; improve initiation of movement in muscles 1/5 strength or less
65
Ranchos Los Amigos level of function when pt shows goal-directed behavior but is dependent on external input or direction. Follows simple directions consistently and shows carryover for relearned tasks. Responses are appropriate. Past memory better than recent
VI. Confused-appropriate
66
PNF pattern D1 flexion LE
Hackie sack
67
Impairment in the rhythm and inflection of speech
Dysprosody
68
Nerve innervating brachioradialis, triceps, supinator, anconeus, wrist extensors
radial
69
Ranchos Los Amigos level of function when pt can recall and integrate past and recent events and is aware of and responsive to the environment. Carryover for new learning and needs no supervision once an activity is learned. Still impaired compared to premorbid abilities
VIII. Purposeful-appropriate
70
Functional outcomes for complete C4 spinal cord injury includes
Dependence for transfers, bed mobility, W/C management, and ROM/Positioning and modified independent to dependent weight shift and wheelchair mobility depending on the chair used
71
Nerve innervating tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum lingus, extensor hallucis longus, peroneus tertius, extensor digitorum brevis
deep peroneal nerve
72
A term used to describe injuries that occur at the level of the thoracic, lumbar, or sacral spine
Paraplegia
73
PNF pattern D1 extension LE
Leg pose for C position throwing javelin
74
Functional outcomes for complete C5 spinal cord injury includes
Mod-Max A bed mobility, Max A transfers with sliding board, mod independence with weight shift, mod I to Max A with wheelchair mobility, dependence with wheelchair management and ROM/positioning
75
the brainstem is made up of the
midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
76
Nerve innervating gluteus maximus
inferior gluteal nerve
77
Nerve innervating peroneus longus and brevis
superficial peroneal nerve
78
Type of A fibers for pain, touch, pressure, and temperature
Delta A fibers
79
1) Primitive reflex: touch to the skin along the spine from the shoulder to the hips causes lateral flexion of the trunk to the side of the stimulus 2) normal age of response
1) Galant reflex
| 2) 30 weeks gestation to 3 months
80
Ascending sensory tract for spinovisual reflexes and head movement to visual stimulus
Spinotectal tract
81
Autonomic dysreflexia can occur in spinal cord injuries at or above
T6
82
Orthostatic hypotension BP values
Decrease in SBP 20 mmHg or DBP 10 mmHg
83
Brunnstrom stage marked by voluntary synergy and increase in spasticity
Stage 3
84
Glasgow Coma scale score corresponding to coma in 90% of cases
8 or less
85
PNF pattern D2 flexion LE
Peeing on a fire hydrant
86
Descending motor tract for influence on voluntary and reflexive action through alpha and gamma motor neurons
Reticulospinal tract
87
Chronic progressive genetic disorder that is fatal 15-20 years after onset and results in mental, intellectual, and physical symptoms. Damage and degeneration of striatum of basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex
Huntington's Disease
88
Nerve innervating adductor muscles, obturator externus, and gracilis
obturator nerve
89
Nerve innervating teres major
lower subscapular
90
Ranchos Los Amigos level of function when pt reacts specifically but inconsistently to stimuli with responses directly related to the stimulus provided. May follow simple commands like eye movements or hand squeezing in inconsistent, delayed manner
III. Localized response
91
Left sided neglect is most common with a lesion to the _1_ or _2_.
1) right inferior parietal
| 2) superior temporal lobes
92
Nerve innervating teres minor and deltoid
axillary
93
Brunnstrom stage marked by no volitional movement
Stage 1
94
PNF pattern D2 extension LE
preparing to kick a soccer ball
95
Nerve innervating psoas major and minor and quadratus lumborum
lumbar plexus
96
Type of aphasia presenting with impaired comprehension, writing and naming ability, and location of lesion
- Wernicke's (receptive) aphasia = fluent
| - posterior region of the superior temporal gyrus
97
Cranial motor nerve for upward, downward, and medial gaze (recti muscles) and reaction to light
CN III: oculomotor
98
Degenerative disorder characterized by decreased dopamine in the substantia nigra and basal ganglia
Parkinson's Disease
99
the hindbrain (rhombencephalon) consists of the
metencephalon (cerebellum, pons) and the myelencephalon (medulla oblongata)
100
Test _1_ by having pt identify the static position of a body part, _2_ by identifying an object without sight, and _3_ with contact to the skin with a pin
1) proprioception
2) stereognosis
3) superficial pain
101
Bilateral simultaneous stimulation, stereognosis, two-point discrimination, barognosis, and localization of touch are types of ____ sensation
cortical (combined)
102
PNS Pathology characterized by sensory impairments in "stocking glove" pattern, motor weakness and atrophy with more distal than proximal weakness, possible fasciculations, decreased DTRs and example
polyneuropathy; diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy
103
Inability to perform purposeful movement or activity even though there is no sensory or motor impairment that would hinder completion of the task
Apraxia
104
Slow and resisted concentric contractions of agonist and antagonist without rest to improve control of movement and posture
Slow reversals
105
Ranchos Los Amigos level of function when pt appears appropriate and oriented within familiar settings and can go through daily routines automatically and robot-like. Minimal to no confusion and shallow activity recall. judgement still impaired
VII. Automatic-appropriate
106
Cranial sensory nerve for smell
CN I: olfactory
107
Cranial motor nerve for muscles of the tongue
CN XII: hypoglossal
108
PNF pattern D2 extension UE
King Arthur sheaths the sword
109
Neurological pathology resulting in distal to proximal motor weakness progression, sensory impairment, and possible respiratory paralysis. Etiology is unknown but most make full recoveries, with 20% having residual deficits and 3-5% dying from respiratory complications
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
110
1) Primitive reflex: pressure to the base of the toes causes toe flexion 2) normal age of response
1) Plantar grasp reflex
| 2) 28 weeks gestation to 9 months
111
Type of A alpha fiber that are the muscle spindle primary endings and are also in golgi tendon organs (perceive touch, low threshold STRETCH)
Alpha A fibers
112
Type of A fiber for touch and pressure
Gamma A fibers
113
1) Incomplete lesion usually the result of hyperextension injury characterized by greater involvement in the UEs and greater motor deficits than sensory deficits. 2) Which tracts are involved?
1) Central cord syndrome
| 2) Spinothalamic tract, corticospinal tract, dorsal columns
114
Tremors are caused by lesions of the
Basal ganglia
115
Ranchos Los Amigos level of function when a pt is in a deep sleep and is completely unresponsive to any type of stimuli
I. No response
116
Term for describing poor or trace motor or sensory function for up to 3 levels below the neurologic level of injury
Zone of preservation
117
Lead pipe rigidity is often seen in lesions of the
basal ganglia
118
Nerve innervating infraspinatus and supraspinatus
suprascapular
119
Cranial sensory nerve for sight
CN II: optic
120
Nerve innervating subclavius
nerve to subclavius
121
Characteristics of sacral sparing
sensation of saddle area, movement of toe flexors, and rectal sphincter contraction
122
Ranchos Los Amigos level of function when pt reacts inconsistently and non-purposefully to stimuli in a nonspecific manner. Responses are limited and often the same regardless of stimulus
II. Generalized response
123
1) Primitive reflex: touch on the cheek causes turning of the head with mouth open to the side of the stimulus 2) normal age of response
1) Rooting reflex
| 2) 28 weeks gestation to 3 months
124
Disease characterized by demyelination of myelin sheaths in nerves of the brain and spinal cord resulting in plaque development, decreased nerve conduction velocity, eventual failure of impulse transmission. Clinically includes visual problems, paresthesias, sensory changes, clumsiness, weakness, ataxia, fatigue, balance dysfunction
Multiple Sclerosis
125
Left hemisphere specialization
language, movement, logical thought, analysis and mathematical calculation, expressing positive emotion
126
Functional outcomes for complete C6 spinal cord injury includes
Min A - mod I with bed mobility and transfers using equipment, Mod I to Min A for weight shift depending on equipment, Some assistance to Mod I for wheelchair management and mobility and ROM/positioning
127
Sensory ascending tract for trunk, neck, UE proprioception, vibration, 2 point discrimination, graphesthesia
Fasciculus cuneatus
128
1) Primitive reflex: head turn to one side = arm and leg on face side extend and opposite side flexes. 2) normal age of response
1) Asymmetrical tonic neck reflex
| 2) birth to 6 months
129
Ascending sensory tract for light touch and pressure
Anterior spinothalamic tract
130
1) Primitive reflex: when head is positioned in flexion the arms flex and the legs extend; when head is in extension, the arms extend and the legs flex 2) normal age of response
1) Symmetrical tonic neck reflex (arms do what the head is doing)
2) 6-8 months
131
Descending motor tract for contralateral voluntary fine movement
Lateral corticospinal tract
132
Developmental milestones: main ones at 1) 3-4 years, 2) 5-8 years, 3) 9-12 years, 4) 13+ years
1) throws and catches small ball and hops, running with obstacle negotiation
2) skips and gallops, jumps rope
3) mature movement patterns and possible puberty changes. Drawing and handwritting delevoped
4) rapid growth in size and strength, puberty
133
Characteristic of a corticospinal lesion at the level of the brainstem that results inn extension of the trunk and all extremities
Decerebrate rigidity
134
Denial or unawareness of illness often due to unilateral neglect
Anosognosia
135
PNS Pathology characterized by sensory components with corresponding dermatomal defects, motor weakness in an innervation pattern, may have fasciculations, decreased DTRs and example
spinal root and nerve issue; herniated disk
136
Resistance in ROM marked by greatest resistance at beginning of ROM lessening as ROM continues
Clasp knife response
137
Type of A fiber that are secondary muscle spindle endings responsible for touch and kinesthesia (changes in LENGTH)
Beta A fibers
138
Technique for initiating movement in a pt with hypertonia: "let me move you... help me move you... move yourself.... move against resistance"
Rhythmic initiation
139
Sensory ascending tract for cutaneous and proprioceptive organs
Spino-olivary tract
140
Reflex that allows head/eye movement coordination and maintains stable image on the retina during movement
Vestibuloocular reflex
141
Descending motor tract for contralateral postural muscle tone related to auditory or visual stimuli
Tectospinal tract
142
Cranial mixed nerve, palate, pharynx, phonation, autonomic thoracic viscera
CN X: vagus
143
Cauda equina injuries are considered ___
peripheral nerve injuries
144
Nerve innervating latissimus dorsi
thoracodorsal
145
Nerve fibers that are large, myelinated, have a high conduction rate
A fibers
146
When the bladder empties reflexively for a patient with an injury above T12 and an intact sacral reflex arc
Neurogenic reflexive bladder
147
Type of aphasia presenting with impaired repetition and naming, frustration, motor impairment
- Brocca's (expressive) aphasia = non-fluent
| - 3rd convolution of the frontal lobe
148
Descending motor tract for ipsilateral voluntary, discrete, and skilled movement
Anterior corticospinal tract
149
PNS Pathology characterized by intact sensory component, motor fatigue being greater than actual weakness, and normal DTRs and example
Neuromuscular juction; myasthenia gravis
150
Characteristic of right hemisphere infarct where there is an inability to control emotions that are inconsistent with life situations
Emotional lability
151
DTRs are measured on a _1_ scale; a grade of _2_ is "normal"
1) 0 - 4+
| 2) 2+
152
Term for excess fluid within the spinal cord
syringomyelia
153
Reflex that stabilizes the body and control movement (stability of the head in movement and coordination of trunk in upright posture)
Vestibulospinal reflex
154
Like athetosis but with more axial movement than appendicular
Dystonia
155
Glasgow Coma scale score corresponding to moderate brain injury
9-12
156
Isometric contractions performed alternating from muscles on one side of the joint to the other side without rest; Reason to perform
Alternating isometrics; endurance or strengthening
157
Test _1_ with warm and cold test tubes, _2_ by identifying two points without sight, and _3_ with a tuning fork
1) temperature
2) 2 point discrimination
3) vibration
158
Challange the vestibular component of balance by having a patient
perform movement of the head with balancing tasks
159
The inability to initiate movement
Akinesia
160
Nerve innervating forearm flexors (except flexor carpi ulnaris) and muscles in the hand
median nerve
161
Inability to interpret information
Agnosia
162
Flaccid bladder with damaged sacral reflex arc
Neurogenic nonreflexive bladder
163
Type of aphasia presenting with severe comprehension, naming, writing, repetition, possible involuntary verbalization, and use of nonverbal skills to communicate and location of lesions
- Global aphasia = non-fluent
| - frontal, temporal, parietal lobes
164
Neurological rehabilitation technique assuming that sensory stimulation produces motor output and utilizes techniques such as tapping, resistance, deep pressure, temperature stimulation, and prolonged stretch
Rood
165
PNS Pathology characterized by sensory loss, motor weakness and atrophy, possible fasciculations and example
mononeuropathy; trauma
166
Spontaneous formation of bone in the soft tissue usually occurring adjacent to larger joints such as the knee or hip
Ectopic bone or heterotopic ossification
167
PNF pattern D2 flexion UE
King Arthur holds up the sword
168
Neurologic pathology more common in males and occurring between 40-70 years old. Marked by UMN and LMN involvement with more distal to proximal weakness
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
169
PNS Pathology characterized by sensory component intact, muscle weakness, rarely having fasciculations, and normal or decreased DTRs and example
Muscle; muscular dystrophy
170
1) An incomplete lesion usually due to cervical flexion injury that has a loss of motor function and pain and temperature sense below the lesion. 2) Which tracts are damaged?
1) Anterior cord syndrome
| 2) Corticospinal and spinothalamic tracts
171
Nerve innervating semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and long head biceps femoris
tibial division of sciatic nerve
172
Technique to emphasize coordination of proximal components during gait
Resisted progression
173
ASIA scale level referred to as motor incomplete with motor function preserved below the level of the injury at a grade of less than 3
C
174
The incomplete fusion of the posterior vertebral arch with both meninges and spinal cord protruding outside the neural arch usually at L5-S1 (neural tube defect).
Spina Bifida (myelomeningocele)
175
Involuntary, violent movement of a large body part
Hemiballism
176
Characteristic of a corticospinal lesion at the level of the diencephalon where the trunk and the lower extremities are in extension and the UEs are in flexion
Decorticate rigidity
177
Type of nerve fibers that are small, poorly or unmyelinated, slow conducting, post ganglionic sympathetic system, exteroreceptors for pain, temperature, and touch
C fibers
178
Motor neuron disease characterized by hyperactive DTRs, mild disuse atrophy, no fasciculations, and hypertonic tone
Upper motor neuron disease
179
In PNF, resistance given during the movement pattern is _1_ if the objective is stability, and _2_ if the objective is mobility
1) greater
| 2) less
180
Functional outcomes for complete C7-8 spinal cord injury includes
Independent in bed mobility, Mod I with transfers, weight shift, and wheelchair mobility, possible assistance with W/C management and ROM/Positioning
181
Types of deep sensation
proprioception, kinesthesia, vibration
182
Sensory ascending tract that influences levels of consciousness
Spinoreticular tract
183
Type of aphasia presenting with severe repetition impairment, word finding difficulty, impaired writing but intact reading and location of lesion
- Conduction aphasia = fluent
| - supramarginal gyrus, arcuate fasciculus
184
Nerve innervating coracobrachialis, biceps, brachialis
musculocutaneous
185
Cranial sensory nerve for hearing and balance
CN VIII: vestibulocochlear
186
Glasgow Coma scale categories and scores for each
Eye opening (1-4), best motor response (1-6), verbal response (1-5)
187
Cranial motor nerve for trapezius and SCM muscles
CN XI: accessory
188
Technique used to initiate movement and sustain a contraction through ROM with PT providing a quick stretch followed by isometric or isotonic contractions; Reason to perform
Repeated contractions; initiate movement through weak movement pattern or at a point of weakness in the pattern
189
Nerve innervating subscapularis
upper and lower subscapular
190
Cranial motor nerve for lateral gaze (lateral rectus muscle)
CN VI: abducens
191
Test _1_ by having pt identify a letter drawn on the skin, _2_ with contact by cotton ball, _3_ by having pt tell you where they were touched
1) graphesthesia
2) light touch
3) localization
192
PNF pattern D1 Flexion UE
grabbing the seat belt when first getting into the car
193
Substitution within a word that is so severe it makes the word not recognizable
Neologism
194
Technique used to strengthen the weak component of a motor pattern using isotonic and isometric contractions to produce overflow to weak muscles
Timing for emphasis
195
sensory ascending tract for trunk and LE proprioception, vibration, 2 point discrimination, graphesthesia
Fasciculus gracilis
196
Descending motor tract for ipsilateral gross postural adjustments subsequent to head movements, facilitation of extensors, and inhibition of flexors
Vestibulospinal tract
197
Rare incomplete lesion characterized by loss of pain, proprioception, 2 point discrimination, stereognosis and preserved motor function
Posterior cord syndrome
198
1) Primitive reflex: weight placed on the balls of the feet when upright causes stiffening of the legs and trunk into extension 2) normal age of response
1) positive support reflex
| 2) 35 weeks gestation to 2 months
199
Generalized weakness usually due to cerebellar pathology
Asthenia
200
PNS Pathology characterized by intact sensory component, motor weakness and atrophy, fasciculations, decreased DTRs and two examples
Anterior horn cell; ALS and poliomyelitis
201
Nerve innervating pectoralis major's clavicular head
lateral pectoral
202
ASIA scale level with complete involvement and no sensory or motor preservation in the sacral segments S4-S5
A
203
1) Neurological pathology: muscles affected are supplied by cervical roots C5-6 (upper brachial plexus injury, usually in a newborn from a complicated delivery. 2) name of usual accompanying deformity
1) Erb's Palsy
| 2) Waiter's tip deformity
204
ASIA scale level referred to as motor incomplete with motor function preserved below the level of the injury at a grade of greater than or equal to 3
D
205
The motor level of spinal cord injury is determined by the most _1_ key muscles having muscle strength of _2_ with the superior segment tested as _3_.
1) caudal (lowest)
2) 3 or greater
3) normal or 5
206
Glasgow Coma scale score corresponding to mild brain injury
13-15
207
Challange the visual component of balance by having a patient
close the eyes during balance tasks
208
Hemiparesis vs. Hemiplegia
"Paresis" = weakness of one side of the body and "Plegia" = paralysis of one side of the body
