Musculoskeletal PT Flashcards
1
Q
A ______ is a plastic AFO with a trim line posterior to the malleoli that has the primary purpose of assisting with dorsiflexion and preventing foot drop
A
Posterior leaf spring
2
Q
Type of joint receptor that is sensitive to high frequency vibration, acceleration, and high velocity changes in joint position. Located in all joints in the fibrous layer of joint capsules
A
Pacinian corpuscles
3
Q
Serratus anterior: origin, insertion, actions, innervation, arterial supply
A
- origin: external surface laterally upper 8 ribs
- insertion: anterior medial border of the scapula
- action: scapular protraction, holds scapula against thoracic wall, rotates scapula upward, elevates ribs when scapula is fixed
- innervation: long thoracic nerve
- arterial supply: thoracodorsal artery, lateral thoracic artery
4
Q
Innervation level: wrist extension
A
C6
5
Q
Deltoid: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
A
- origin: lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
- insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
- action: Anterior = flexion and medial rotation, middle = abduction, posterior = extension and lateral rotation
- innervation: axillary nerve
- arterial supply: posterior circumflex humeral artery
6
Q
Infraspinatus: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
A
- origin: infraspinous fossa
- insertion: middle facet greater tubercle of humerus
- action: lateral rotation, holds humeral head in glenoid
- innervation: suprascapular nerve
- arterial supply: suprascapular artery and circumflex scapular artery
7
Q
Opponens digiti minimi: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
A
- origin: hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum
- insertion: medial border 5th metacarpal
- action: to opposition with thumb
- innervation: deep branch ulnar nerve
- arterial supply: ulnar artery
8
Q
1 Inflammatory process of the tendons and synovium of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis at the base of the thumb. Caused by repetitive thumb 2 and 3 movement. Pain can 4. Can be gradual or sudden onset
A
1) De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis
2) abduction
3) extension
4) radiate
9
Q
Latissimus dorsi: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
A
- origin: spinous process T6-12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3-4 ribs
- insertion: floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
- action: extends, abducts, medially rotates shoulder; raises body towards arms while climbing
- innervation: thoracodorsal nerve
- arterial supply: thoracodorsal artery
10
Q
Dermatomal testing: lateral and plantar aspect of foot
A
S1
11
Q
Dermatome level: patella and medial malleolus
A
L4
12
Q
Innervation level: wrist flexion
A
C7
13
Q
MMT grading: the subject is able to initiate movement against gravity
A
Poor plus (2+/5)
14
Q
Both the ulnar and radial nerve innervate 1 and 2
A
1) lumbricals
2) flexor digitorum profundus
15
Q
Triceps: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
A
- origin: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula (long head), posterior humerus inferior to the radial groove (medial head), posterior humerus superior to radial groove (lateral head)
- insertion: proximal olecranon of ulna
- action: elbow extension, long head extends shoulder, resists dislocation
- innervation: radial nerve
- arterial supply: deep brachial artery
16
Q
In congenital torticollis, the head is laterally flexed 1 contracted SCM and the chin faces the 2 direction
A
1) toward the
2) opposite
17
Q
1) Landmarks to measure Q angle, 2) normal values for males and females, 3) excessive angle significance
A
1) midpatella to ASIS and to tibial tubercle
2) Male: 13 deg, female: 18 deg
3) can lead to patellar tracking issues
18
Q
Flexor pollicis longus: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
A
- origin: anterior radius and interosseous membrane
- insertion: base of distal phalanx of thumb
- action: flexes distal phalanx of thumb
- innervation: interosseous branch of median nerve
- arterial supply: anterior interosseous artery
19
Q
Osteokinematic and arthrokinematic motion: convex, concave, and mob direction: radiohumeral
A
- convex: humerus
- concave: radius
- Same direction
20
Q
Osteokinematic and arthrokinematic motion: convex, concave, and mob direction: glenohumeral joint
A
- convex: humerus
- concave: glenoid
- opposite direction
21
Q
Innervation level resistive testing: hip flexion
A
L1-2
22
Q
What nerve innervates these muscles: brachioradialis, triceps, extensor carpi radialis longus, anconeus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor pollicis brevis, supinator, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digiti minimi, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor indicis
A
Radial nerve (or branches of)
23
Q
Type of fracture in which bone fragments are driven into each other
A
Impacted fracture
24
Q
Flexor carpi radialis: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
A
- origin: medial epicondyle humerus
- insertion: base of 2nd/3rd metacarpal
- action: flexes and abducts hand at the wrist
- innervation: median nerve
- arterial supply: ulnar artery
25
Extensor carpi radialis brevis: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
- insertion: dorsal base 3rd metacarpal
- action: extend and abduct wrist, active in fist clench
- innervation: deep branch of radial nerve
- arterial supply: radial artery
26
Pectoralis minor: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: ribs 3-5
- insertion: coracoid process of the scapula
- action: elevates ribs, draws scapula down and medially
- innervation: medial pectoral nerve
- arterial supply: pectoral branch of thoracoacromial trunk
27
Tinel's sign in the wrist and phalen's (and reverse phalens in the prayer position) test for involvement in the ______ nerve distribution of the hand
Median
28
Osteokinematic and arthrokinematic motion: convex, concave, and mob direction: Proximal radioulnar
- convex: radius
- concave: ulna
- opposite
29
Disarticulation at the midtarsal joint
Chopart's amputation
30
Muscle receptor that is very sensitive to tension especially during an active muscle contraction
Golgi tendon organ
31
Peak muscle activity during gait: quadriceps group
Two periods of peak activity: in periods of single support during early stance phase and just before toe off to initiate swing phase
32
Brachialis: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: distal 1/2 anterior humerus
- insertion: coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity
- action: flexes elbow in all positions
- innervation: musculocutaneous nerve and a branch of the radial nerve
- arterial supply: radial collateral (or recurrent) artery
33
Opponens pollicis: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: flexor retinaculum, scaphoid and trapezium tubercles
- insertion: lateral side of 1st metacarpal
- action: opposes thumb
- innervation: recurrent branch of median nerve
- arterial supply: radial artery (superficial palmar branch)
34
Types of fibrous joints
- suture
- syndesmosis
- gomphosis
35
(Not obvious) Prosthetic gait deviation prosthetic and amputee causes: lateral bending
Prosthetic: too short, improperly shaped lateral wall, high medial wall, alignment in abduction
Amputee: short residual limb, prosthetic side weak hip abductors, abduction contracture
36
Thoracolumbar spine: 1) loose packed, 2) closed packed, 3). Capsular pattern
1) midway between flexion and extension
2) extension
3) lateral flexion and rotation equally limited, extension
37
Swelling in soft tissues outside of a joint capsule is _1_ and swelling inside of the joint capsule is _2_.
1) edema
| 2) effusion
38
Insufficient forearm functioning and strength as well as weak grip and pain in the extensor tendon
Lateral epicondylitis
39
Tinel's sign is an elbow special test to detect the presence of _1_ and is performed by tapping between the _2_ and the _3_
1) ulnar nerve compression or compromise
2) oecranon process
3) medial epicondyle
40
A sprain is an injury involving _1_ and a strain is an injury to the _2_
1) ligament
| 2) musculotendinous unit
41
Special test: patient is supine with the knee in full flexion. Therapist medially rotates the tibia at the distal leg, then brings the knee into full extension while palpating the joint line (the test is repeated while laterally rotating the tibia). A click or pronounced crepitation felt at the joint line may indicate a posterior meniscal lesion
McMurray test
42
Osteokinematic and arthrokinematic motion: convex, concave, and mob direction:: radiocarpal
- Convex: carpals
- concave: radius
- opposite direction
43
Extensor carpi radialis longus: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: lateral supra-condylar ridge of humerus
- insertion: dorsal base of 2nd metacarpal
- action: extend and abduct wrist
- innervation: radial nerve
- arterial supply: radial artery
44
Extensor digitorum: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: lateral epicondyle humerus
- insertion: extensor expansion medial 4 fingers
- action: wrist extension, extend medial 4 fingers at metacarpals, secondary @ IP joints
- innervation: deep branch radial nerve
- arterial supply: posterior interosseous artery
45
What key muscles are innervated by the dorsal scapular nerve?
- levator scapulae
- rhomboid major
- rhomboid minor
46
Prefabricated frame that allows for ambulation by shifting weight and rocking the base across the floor. Used mainly in the pediatric population
Parapodia she
47
Innervation level resistive testing: knee extension
L3-4
48
Gait pattern characterized by which the feet and toes are lifted through hip and knee flexion to excessive heights, usually because of DF weakness. Foot slap at initial contact with ground due to decreased control
Steppage
49
What nerve innervates these muscles: opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis longus, flexor carpi radialis, pronator teres, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, pronator quadratus
Median nerve (or branches of)
50
Normal values in gait: 1) base of support, 2) cadence per minute, 3) degree of toe out, 4) pelvic rotation, 5) step length, 6) stride length
1) 2-4 inches
2) 110-120 steps per minute
3) 7 degrees
4) 8 total degrees (4 deg swing leg, 4 deg stance leg)
5) 28 inches
6) 56 inches
51
Biceps: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: tip of coracoid process (long head), supraglenoid tubercle of scapula (short head)
- insertion: radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
- action: supinated elbow flexion, shoulder flexion, resists anterior shoulder dislocation
- innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
- arterial supply: brachial artery
52
Used to provide pressure, support, and relieve pain associated with mid and low-back pathology
Corset
53
Coracobrachialis: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: coracoid process scapula
- insertion: medial surface and border f humerus
- action: adduction and flexion of shoulder, assists retaining head of humerus in glenoid cavity
- innervation: musculocutaneous nerve
- arterial supply: brachial artery
54
Radiocarpal joint: 1) loose packed, 2) close packed, 3) capsular pattern
1) neutral with slight ulnar deviation
2) extension with radial deviation
3) flexion and extension equally limited
55
Range of motion norms: hip 1) flexion, 2) extension, 3) internal rotation, 4) external rotation, 5) abduction, 6) adduction
1) 0 -120
2) 0 - 30
3) 0 - 45
4) 0 - 45
5) 0 - 45
6) 0 - 30
56
Type of receptor sensitive to compression and located in the knee joint
Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles
57
Palmar interosseous: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: palmar surfaces 2, 4, 5 metacarpals
- insertion: bases proximal phalanges; extensor expansions 2, 4, 5 fingers
- action: adducts 2-4 and 5 fingers, flexes MCP jts and extends IP jts
- innervation: deep branch ulnar nerve
- arterial supply: palmar metacarpal arteries
58
What are the scapulothoracic muscles?
- serratus anterior
- rhomboid major and minor
- trapezius
- levator scapulae
59
MMT grading: the subject does not complete ROM in a gravity-eliminated position
Poor minus (2-/5)
60
A break on one side of the bone that does not affect the periosteum on the other side, often seen in children
Greenstick fracture
61
Subtalar joint: 1) loose packed, 2) closed packed, 3) capsular pattern. Consists of the talus and the calcaneus by 3 articulations
1) midway between extremes of ROM
2) supination
3) limitation of varus ROM
62
Anterior forearm muscles
- brachioradialis
- pronator teres
- flexor carpi radialis
- palmaris longus
- flexor carpi ulnaris
- flexor digitorum superficialis
- flexor digitorum profundus
- pronator quadratus
- flexor pollicis longus
63
Type of joint receptor that is sensitive to non-noxious mechanical and noxious mechanical stress and biochemical stimuli. Located in all joints
Free nerve endings
64
The use of plastic AFO requires that a patient does not have _____
Edema that fluctuates significantly
65
Painful arc range and associated diagnosis
- 60-120 deg
| - rotator cuff tendonitis
66
Dermatome testing: fibular head and dorsum of foot
L5
67
Promotes realignment of the spine due to scoliotic curvature. Corrective padding is applied to the areas of severe curvature
Milwaukee orthosis
68
Innervation level: cervical rotation
C1
69
Acromioclavicular joint: 1) loose packed, 2) close packed, 3) capsular pattern
1) arm resting by the side
2) arm abducted to 90 deg
3) pain at extremes of ROM
70
Special test: patient is sitting with the forearm pronated. The therapist stabilizes the elbow with one hand and resists active extension of the third digit with the other hand just distal to the proximal interphalangeal joint
Lateral epicondylitis test
71
(Not obvious) Prosthetic gait deviation prosthetic and amputee causes: circumducted gait
Prosthetic: loo long, too much friction in knee, socket too small, excessive PF of prosthetic foot
Amputee: abduction contracture, improper training, weak hip flexors, lacks confidence to flex the knee, painful anterior distal residual limb, inability to initiate flexion
72
Innervation level resistive testing: great toe extension
L5
73
Range of motion norms: elbow 1) flexion, 2) extension, 3) pronation, 4) supination
1) 0 - 150
2) 0
3) 0 - 80
4) 0 - 80
74
HKAFOs restricts patients to ___ or ____ gait patterns
- swing to
| - swing through
75
Glenohumeral joint: 1) loose packed position, 2) close packed position, 3) capsular pattern
1) 55 deg abduction, 30 deg horizontal adduction
2) abduction and lateral rotation
3) lateral rotation, abduction, medial rotation (LAM)
76
Ulnohumeral joint: 1) loose packed position, 2) closed packed position, 3) capsular pattern
1) 70 deg flexion, 10 deg supination
2) extension
3) flexion, extension
77
The ___ is particularly involved in lateral epicondylitis
Extensor carpi radialis brevis.
78
Positive Craig's test: less than _1_ degrees indicates femoral restroversion, while an angle of greater than _2_ indicates femoral anteversion
1) 8
| 2) 15
79
Range of motion norms: thoracolumbar spine 1) flexion, 2) extension, 3) lateral flexion, 4) rotation
1) 0 - 80
2) 0 - 25
3) 0 - 35
4) 0 - 45
80
Osteokinematic and arthrokinematic motion: convex, concave, and mob direction: proximal tibiofibular
- convex: tibia
- concave: fibula
- same
81
Surgical removal of the foot at the ankle joint with removal of the malleoli
Syme's
82
Lumbricals: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: 1 and 2 = flexor digitorum profundus tendons
- insertion: lateral extensor expansions 2-5 fingers
- action: flex MCP jts, extends 2-5 IP jts
- innervation: median and ulnar nerves
- arterial supply: superficial palmar arch, common palmar digital artery, deep palmar arch, dorsal digital arteries
83
Supraspinatus: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: supraspinatus fossa
- insertion: superior facet greater tubercle of humerus
- action: initiates and assist deltoid with shoulder abduction
- innervation: suprascapular nerve
- arterial supply: suprascapular artery
84
Special test: patient sits with the elbow flexed to 90 deg and the forearm pronated. The therapist resists active forearm supination and shoulder lateral rotation while palpating the bicipital groove
Yergason's test, biceps tendon pathology
85
Innervation level resistive testing: ankle dorsiflexion
L4-5
86
(Not obvious) Prosthetic gait deviation prosthetic and amputee causes: excessive knee flexion in stance
Prosthetic: socket set forward in relation to the foot, foot set in excessive dorsiflexion, stiff heel, prosthesis too short
Amputee: pain anteriorly in residual limb
87
Abductor digiti minimi: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: pisiform
- insertion: medial base proximal phalanx 5th finger
- action: abducts 5th finger and assists flexion
- innervation: deep branch ulnar nerve
- arterial supply: ulnar artery
88
Range of motion norms: shoulder 1) flexion, 2) extension, 3) abduction, 4) medial rotation, 5) lateral rotation
1) 0 - 180
2) 0 - 60
3) 0 - 180
4) 0 - 70
5) 0 - 90
89
Cervical spine joints: 1) open packed, 2) closed packed, 3) capsular patterns
1) midway between flexion and extension
2) extension
3) lateral flexion and rotation equally limited, extension
90
MMT grading: the subject's muscle contraction can be palpated, but there is no joint movement
Trace (1/5)
91
Type of muscle fiber: anaerobic, white, phasic, fast twitch, fast glycolytic
Type II
92
Brachioradialis: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: proximal 2/3 lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus
- insertion: lateral radius proximal to styloid process
- action: flexes elbow in midpronation position
- innervation: radial nerve
- arterial supply: radial recurrent (collateral) artery
93
Oblique fractures are ___ to the bone's axis
Diagonal
94
2/3 ACL tears are accompanied by a
Meniscal tear
95
Diagnostic test that can determine decreased fluid in a joint
Arthrograph
96
What nerve innervates these muscles: adductor pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi dorsal interosseous, palmar interosseous, flexor carpi ulnaris
Ulnar nerve (or branches of)
97
Use to prevent all trunk motions and is generally used for post surgical stabilization
Thoracolumbosacral orthosis
98
Range of motion norms: finger 2- 5 MCP 1) flexion, 2) hyper extension; PIP 3) flexion; DIP 4) flexion, 5) extension; thumb MCP flexion 6) flexion, 7) thumb IP flexion
1) 0 - 90
2) 0 - 45
3) 0 - 100
4) 0 - 90
5) 0 - 10
6) 0 - 50
7) 0 - 80
99
Talocrural joint: 1) open packed, 2) closed packed, 3) capsular pattern
1) 10 deg PF, midway between maximum inversion and eversion
2) maximum DF
3) PF, DF
100
MMT grading: the subject completes ROM against gravity with minimal - moderate resistance
Good (4/5)
101
(Not obvious) Prosthetic gait deviation prosthetic and amputee causes: medial or lateral whip
Prosthetic: excessive knee rotation, tight socket fit, valgus in prosthetic knee, improper alignment of toe break
Amputee: weak hip rotators, knee instability
102
Extensor digiti minimi: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: lateral epicondyle humerus
- insertion: extensor expansion 5th digit
- action: extends wrist and 5th fingers
- innervation: posterior interosseous nerve
- arterial supply: posterior interosseous artery
103
What are the glenohumeral joint muscles?
- deltoids
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- subscapularis
- pectoralis major
- latissimus dorsi
- teres major
- teres minor
104
Posterior forearm muscles
- extensor carpi radialis longus
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- extensor digitorum
- extensor carpi ulnaris
- anconeus
- extensor digiti minimi
- abductor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis brevis
- extensor pollicis longus
- extensor indicis
- supinator
105
Tibiofemoral joint: 1) loose packed, 2) closed packed, 3) capsular pattern
1) 25 deg flexion
2) full extension, lateral rotation of tibia
3) flexion, extension
106
Special test: patient is sitting and the therapist supinates the patient's forearm, extends the wrist, and extends the elbow while palpating the medial epicondyle
Medial epicondylitis test
107
Sternoclavicular joint: 1) loose packed, 2) closed packed, 3) capsular pattern
1) arm resting by the side
2) maximum shoulder elevation
3) pain at extremes of ROM
108
Chronic overuse condition that develops secondary to repetitive stretching and excessive foot pronation during the loading phase of gait
Plantar fasciitis
109
Teres minor: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: middle lateral border of scapula
- insertion: inferior facet greater tubercle of humerus
- action: lateral rotation, holds humeral head in glenoid cavity
- innervation: axillary nerve
- arterial supply: circumflex scapular artery
110
X linked recessive disease only in males presenting with waddling gait, proximal muscle weakness, toe walking, pseudohypertrophy of the calf, difficulty climbing stairs. Death usually occurs as a teenager
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
111
Abductor pollicis brevis: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: flexor retinaculum, scaphoid, trapezium tubercles
- insertion: lateral base proximal phalanx thumb
- action: abducts and helps oppose thumb
- innervation: recurrent branch of median nerve
- arterial supply: radial artery (superficial palmar branch)
112
Traction apophysitis occurring at the tibial tuberosity with symptoms exacerbated by running, jumping, and squatting activity. Characterized by localized pain, edema with point tenderness over the patella tendon insertion on the tibial tuberosity. Typically resolves with time even without intervention
Osgood-Schlatter disease
113
MMT grading: the subject completes ROM against gravity with maximal resistance
Normal (5/5)
114
Proximal radioulnar joint: 1) loose packed position, 2) closed packed position, 3) capsular pattern, 4) what is convex and concave?
1) 70 deg elbow flexion, 35 deg supination
2) 5 deg supination
3) supination, pronation
4) concave radial notch, convex rim of radial head
115
Flexor digiti minimi brevis: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: hook of hamate, flexor retinaculum
- insertion: medial base proximal phalanx 5th finger
- action: flexes proximal phalanx 5th finger
- innervation: deep branch ulnar nerve
- arterial supply: ulnar artery
116
Flexor pollicis brevis: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: flexor retinaculum, trapezium, trapezoid and capitate bones
- insertion: radial side of base of proximal phalanx digit 1
- action: flexes proximal phalanx of digit 1, flexes MCP and rotates it medially (opposition)
- innervation: median nerve for superficial, deep branch of ulnar nerve for deep
- arterial supply: superficial palmar branch of radial nerve
117
MMT grading: the subject does not complete the ROM against gravity, but does complete more than half of the range
Fair minus (3-/5)
118
Osteokinematic/arthrokinematic movement: what is convex/concave
- convex: humerus
- concave: ulna
- same direction mobilization
119
Dermatomal testing: medial aspect of posterior thigh
S2
120
Energy system used during high intensity, short duration activities such as springing 400 - 800m for 30-40 seconds. Uses only carbohydrates
Anaerobic glycolysis
121
Functional testing innervation level L4-5
Heel walking
122
_1_ are derived from HKAFO and incorporate a cable system to assist with advancement if the lower extremities during gait. When a patient shifts weight to a selected LE, the cable system _2_. These are used mostly in _3_ patients
1) reciprocating gait orthosis
2) advances the opposite LE
3) paraplegic
123
Pronator quadratus: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: distal quarter anterior ulna
- insertion: distal quarter anterior radius
- action: pronates forearm, binds radius and ulna together
- innervation: anterior interosseous nerve
- arterial supply: anterior interosseous artery
124
Types of joint receptors
- free nerve endings
- Golgi ligament endings
- Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles
- pacinian corpuscles
- ruffini endings
125
ROM requirements for gait: 1) hip flexion, 2) hip extension, 3) knee flexion, 4) knee extension, 5) ankle dorsiflexion, 6) ankle plantar flexion
1) 0 - 30 deg
2) 0 - 10
3) 0-60
4) 0
5) 0 - 10
6) 0 - 20
126
Osteokinematic and arthrokinematic motion: convex, concave, and mob direction: patellofemoral jt.
- convex: patella
- concave: femur
- opposite
127
Osteokinematic and arthrokinematic motion: convex, concave, and mob direction: talocrural
- convex: talus
- concave: tibia and fibula
- opposite
128
Extensor carpi ulnaris: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: lateral epicondyle humerus
- insertion: dorsal base 5th metacarpal
- action: extend and adduct wrist, active in fist clench
- innervation: posterior interosseous nerve
- arterial supply: ulnar artery
129
Peak muscle activity during gait: gastroc-soleus group
During late stance phase to concentrically raising of the heel during toe off
130
Types of cartilaginous joints (amphiarthroses)
- synchondrosis
| - symphysis
131
A break in a bone that has failed to heal after 9 - 12 months
Nonunion fracture
132
Osteokinematic and arthrokinematic motion: convex, concave, and mob direction: subtalar
- convex: anterior and middle talus
- concave: anterior and middle calcaneous
- same
- convex: posterior calcaneous
- concave: posterior talus
- opposite
133
The patellofemoral joint is formed by the _1_ patella and the _2_ trochlear groove of the femur. The patella slides _3_ in knee extension and _4_ in knee flexion
1) convex
2) concave
3) superiorly
4) inferiorly
134
MMT grading: the subject demonstrates no palpable muscle contraction
Zero (0/5)
135
Carpal tunnel syndrome muscle atrophy is noted in _1_ and later on in _2_ muscles
1) abductor pollicis brevis
| 2) thenar
136
Innervation level: shoulder elevation
C2 - C4
137
MMT grading: the subject completes ROM with moderate resistance
Good (4/5)
138
MMT grading: the subject completes ROM against gravity with moderate-maximal resistance
Good plus (4+/5)
139
Osteokinematic and arthrokinematic motion: convex, concave, and mob direction: distal radioulnar
- convex: ulna
- concave: radius
- same direction
140
Innervation level resistive testing: ankle plantar flexion
S1
141
Peak muscle activity during gait: tibialis anterior
Just after heel strike to eccentrically lower foot into PF
142
Extensor indicis: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: posterior ulna, interosseous membrane
- insertion: posterior digital expansion of 2nd digit
- action: extension of wrist and second digit
- innervation: posterior interosseous nerve
- arterial supply: posterior interosseous artery
143
Supinator: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: lateral epicondyle humerus, radial collateral and annular ligaments, supinator fossa, crest of ulna
- insertion: lateral posterior, and anterior surface proximal 1/3 radius
- action: supinates forearm
- innervation: deep branch radial nerve
- arterial supply: radial recurrent artery
144
MMT grading: the subject completes ROM against gravity without manual resistance
Fair (3/5)
145
Rhomboid minor: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: nuchal ligament, spinous processes C7 - T1
- insertion: medial and scapular spine at triangular area
- action: scapular retraction and rotation to depress glenoid cavity, fix scapula to thoracic wall
- innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
- arterial supply: dorsal scapular artery
146
Special test: patient is prone with the knee flexed to 90 degrees. The therapist medially and laterally rotates the tibia at the heel while applying a compressive force through the tibia. Pain or clicking may indicate meniscal lesion
Apley's compression test
147
Osteokinematic and arthrokinematic motion: convex, concave, and mob direction: distal tibiofibular
- convex: fibula
- concave: tibia
- opposite direction
148
Pectoralis major: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: medial 1/2 clavicle, anterior sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages, external oblique muscle
- insertion: lateral lip intertubercular groove of humerus
- action: adducts/medially rotates shoulder, draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly
- innervation: lateral and medial pectoral nerves
- arterial supply: pectoral branch of thoracoacromial trunk
149
Dermatomal testing: perianal area
S3-5
150
Subscapularis: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: subscapular fossa
- insertion: lesser tubercle of the humerus
- action: medial rotation, prevention of anterior displacement of humeral head
- innervation: upper and lower subscapular nerves
- arterial supply: subscapular artery
151
Range of motion norms: ankle 1) dorsiflexion, 2) plantarflexion, 3) inversion, 4) eversion
1) 0 - 20
2) 0 - 50
3) 0 - 35
4) 0 - 15
152
The most common site for degenerative spondylolithesis is _1_ and _2_ are indicated to strengthen the abdominal and to reduce _3_
1) L4-5
2) william's flexion exercises
3) lumbar lordosis
153
Functional testing innervation level L4-S1
Straight leg raise
154
Energy system used for long duration, low intensity exercise and produces by far the most ATP
Aerobic metabolism
155
Innervation level: thumb extension
C8
156
Hand muscles
- adductor pollicis
- flexor pollicis brevis
- opponens pollicis
- abductor pollicis brevis
- flexor digitorum minimi brevis
- opponens digiti minimi
- abductor digiti minimi
- dorsalis interosseous
- lumbricals
- palmar interosseous
157
Pronator teres: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: coronoid process of ulna, medial epicondyle of humerus
- insertion: middle convexity lateral surface of radius
- action: pronates and flexes forearm
- innervation: median nerve
- arterial supply: ulnar artery, radial artery
158
Innervation level: elbow extension
C7
159
Adductor pollicis: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: base of 2-3rd metacarpals, capitate, adjacent carpals, anterior shaft of 3rd metacarpal
- insertion: medial base proximal phalanx thumb
- action: adducts thumb
- innervation: deep branch ulnar nerve
- arterial supply: deep palmar arterial arch
160
_____ send information to the nervous system about muscle length and/or the rate of change of its length
Muscle spindles
161
A bone that breaks into fragments at the sight of injury is a _1_ fracture and one that breaks with fragments out of place is a _2_ fracture
1) comminuted
| 2) displaced
162
Types of synovial joints
- uniaxial joint
- biaxial joint
- multi-axial joint
163
Palmaris longus: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: medial epicondyle humerus
- insertion: distal 1/2 flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis
- action: flexes hand at the wrist
- innervation: median nerve
- arterial supply: ulnar artery
164
Transverse fracture of the distal radius generally seen during a FOOSH injury
Colle's fracture
165
Peak muscle activity during gait: hamstrings group
During late swing phase to decelerate the unsupported limb
166
Dorsal interosseous: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: adjacent sides of 2 metacarpals
- insertion: bases of proximal phalanges; extensor expansions 2-4th fingers
- action: abducts 2-4th fingers flexes MCP jts and extends IP jts
- innervation: deep branch ulnar nerve
- arterial supply: dorsal and palmar metacarpal arteries
167
Type of joint receptor sensitive to tension or stretch on ligaments. Located in the majority of joints
Golgi ligament endings
168
Special test: patient sits or stands with shoulder flexed or 90 degrees and forearm supination. Therapist resists active shoulder flexion while palpating the bicipital groove
Speed's test, for biceps tendon pathology
169
Midtarsal joint: 1) loose packed, 2) closed packed, 3) capsular pattern. Consists of the talocalcaneonavicular joint and calcaneocuboid joint
1) midway between extremes of ROM
2) supination
3) DF, PF, adduction, medial rotation
170
MMT grading: the subject completes ROM with gravity eliminated
Poor (2/5)
171
Special test: patient is supine with the hip flexed and abducted to 30 deg and medially rotated slightly. Therapist medially rotates the tibia and applies a valgus force to the knee while the knee is slowly flexed. A palpable shift or clunk between 20 and 40 deg of flexion may indicate anterolateral rotary instability
Lateral pivot shift test
172
Range of motion norms: knee 1) flexion, 2) extension
1) 0 - 135
| 2) 0
173
A _____ AFO assists with knee extension during stance through positioning of a calf band and or positioning at the ankle
Floor reaction
174
(Not obvious) Prosthetic gait deviation prosthetic and amputee causes: abducted gait
Prosthetic: too long, high medial wall, poorly shaped lateral wall, prosthesis positioned in abduction, inadequate suspension, excessive knee friction
Amputee: abduction contracture, improper training, adductor roll, weak hip flexors and abductors, pain over lateral residual limb
175
Extensor pollicis longus: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: interosseous membrane, posterior middle 1/3 ulna
- insertion: dorsal base distal phalanx thumb
- action: extends wrist and distal phalanx of thumb, abduct wrist
- innervation: posterior interosseous nerve
- arterial supply: posterior interosseous artery
176
(Not obvious) Prosthetic gait deviation prosthetic and amputee causes: rotation of forefoot at heel strike
Prosthetic: excessive built in toe out, loose fitting socket, inadequate suspension, rigid sach heel cushion
Amputee: short residual limb, weak medial rotators
177
MMT grading: the subject completes ROM against gravity with only minimal resistance
Fair plus (3+/5)
178
(Not obvious) Prosthetic gait deviation prosthetic and amputee causes: forward trunk flexion
Prosthetic: socket too big, knee instability
Amputee: pain with ischial weight bearing, inability to initiate forward knee flexion
179
(Not obvious) Prosthetic gait deviation prosthetic and amputee causes: vaulting
Prosthesis: too long, inadequate suspension, foot in excessive PF
Amputee: fear of toe stubbing, short residual limb
180
Type of joint receptor sensitive to stretching of joint capsule and amplitude and velocity of joint position. Located in greater density in the proximal joints, particularly in capsular regions
Ruffini endings
181
Capillary refill test time of greater than ____ may indicate arterial insufficiency
2 seconds
182
Teres major: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: inferior lateral border of scapula, posterior inferior angle of scapula
- insertion: medial lip humeral intertubercular sulcus
- action: adducts and medially rotates shoulders
- innervation: lower subscapular nerve
- arterial supply: circumflex scapular artery
183
Anconeus: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: posterior lateral epicondyle humerus
- insertion: side of olecranon and proximal dorsal surface of the body of the ulna
- action: extend forearm at the elbow
- innervation: radial nerve
- arterial supply: deep brachial artery, interosseous recurrent artery
184
Levator scapulae: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: posterior tubercles transverse processes C1-C4
- insertion: superior medial border of scapula
- action: scapular elevation, tilts glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
- innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
- arterial supply: dorsal scapular artery
185
Functional testing innervation level S1
Toe walking
186
Energy system for high energy, short duration exercise like sprinting 100m or other activity for up to 15 seconds
ATP-PC system
187
Rhomboid major: origin, insertion, action, innervation arterial supply
- origin: spinous processes T2 - T5
- insertion: medial border of the scapula from level of spine to inferior angle
- action: fix scapula to the thoracic wall, retract and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity
- innervation: dorsal scapular nerve
- arterial supply: dorsal scapular artery
188
Range of motion norms: cervical 1) flexion, 2) extension, 3) lateral flexion, 4) rotation
1) 0 - 45
2) 0 - 45
3) 0 - 45
4) 0 - 45
189
Innervation level: shoulder abduction
C5
190
Type of muscle fiber: aerobic, red, tonic, slow twitch, slow-oxidative
Type I
191
Trapezius: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes C7-T12
- insertion: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
- action: shoulder elevation, retraction, depression, neck extension
- innervation: spinal accessory nerve
- arterial supply: transverse cervical artery
192
Innervation level: elbow flexion
C5 - 6
193
Treatment for scoliosis: 1) < 25, 2) 25 - 40, 3) > 40 deg
1) conservative/monitor (less than 20)
2) spinal orthosis and PT
3) surgery
194
Flexor digitorum profundus: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: proximal medial anterior ulna (3/4)
- insertion: bases distal phalanges 2-5 digits
- action: wrist flexion, distal interphalangeal flexion
- innervation: lateral part (digit 2-3) = median nerve, medial part (4-5 digit) = ulnar nerve
- arterial supply: ulnar artery, anterior interosseous artery
195
Special test: patient rotate head to the test side, then extends their neck while the therapist extends and laterally rotates te shoulder while monitoring radial pulse
Adson maneuver; thoracic outlet syndrome
196
Special test: patient is standing with the shoulder abduction to 90 deg, then horizontally adducted 30 deg with the thumb pointing downward. Therapist resists active shoulder abduction
Supraspinatus test; supraspinatus tear, impingement or suprascapular nerve involvement
197
Rotator cuff Muscles
- supraspinatus
- subscapularis
- teres minor
- infraspinatus
198
Range of motion norms: wrist 1) flexion, 2) extension, 3) ulnar deviation, 4) radial deviation
1) 0 - 80
2) 0 - 70
3) 0 - 30
4) 0 - 20
199
A gait pattern characterized by high steps, usually involving excessive activity of the gastrocs
Equine
200
Radiohumeral joint: 1) loose packed, 2) close packed, 3) capsular
1) full extension, supination
2) 90 deg flexion, 5 deg supination
3) flexion, extension, supination, pronation
201
Flexor carpi ulnaris: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: olecranon, posterior border of ulna
- insertion: pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal
- action: flexes and adducts hand at the wrist
- innervation: ulnar nerve
- arterial supply: ulnar artery
202
Abductor pollicis longus: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: posterior proximal 1/2 ulna, radius, interosseous membrane
- insertion: base 1st metacarpal
- action: extends wrist, abducts thumb, extends thumb at metacarpal joint
- innervation: posterior interosseous nerve
- arterial supply: posterior interosseous artery
203
Flexor digitorum superficialis
- origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus, coronoid process of the ulna, oblique line of the radius below radial tuberosity
- insertion: middle phalanx digits 2-5
- action: wrist flexion, IP flexion, PP flexion at metacarpals (more strongly)
- innervation: median nerve
- arterial supply: ulnar artery
204
Iliofemoral joint: 1) loose packed, 2) closed packed, 3) capsular pattern
1) 30 deg flexion, 30 deg abduction, slight lateral rotation
2) full extension, medial rotation
3) flexion, abduction, medial rotation (sometimes MR is most limited) - FAM -
205
Range of motion norms: subtalar 1) inversion, 2) eversion
1) 0 - 5
| 2) 0 - 5
206
Extensor pollicis brevis: origin, insertion, action, innervation, arterial supply
- origin: dorsal body of radius, interosseous membrane
- insertion: base 1st phalanx thumb
- action: extends thumb, abducts thumb
- innervation: deep radial nerve
- arterial supply: posterior interosseous artery
207
A high stepping ataxic gait pattern in which the feet slap the ground
Tabetic
208
Innervation level: finger abduction
T1
