Neuromuscular conditions of ageing Flashcards
what is a neuromuscular ageing condition
happen due to damage to some part of the brain or nervous system
functioning slows down
what age do u start to become more at risk of neuromuscular condition
People >50
What occurs in the CNS as you age (4)
- Loss of neural circuits + brain plasticity (affects communication bw centres)
- Thinning of cortical gray matter (especially prefrontal cortex/hippo)
- Neuronal morphology (tangles, plaques)
- Brain ventricles (increase in size)
What occurs in the PNS due to aging (4)
- slowing of neuronal transmission speed
- decline in # and density of myelinated fibres w ageing (worse coordination)
- Decreased sensory discrimination (touch etc)
- Autonomic nerve dysfunction
Loss of myelin around nerve slows transaction by what %
slows conduction of the nerve by around 5-10%
What is the leading cause of impairment in older adults
Msk disease
What is sarcopenia
- Loss of lean body mass (decrease in number and size of mm fibres)
- reduction of 40-60% of number of functioning mm units
increases morbidity/mortality
what is dynapenia
loss of mm strength
result of mm property changes
What contributes to dynapenia
mm weakness/ dysfunction
- fewwer functioning mm units
- deficit in voluntary activation
- re modelling of nmj
Parkinsons disease and cause
Disorder of CNS affecting mvmt and often causing tremor
-nerve cell damage in brain causes dopamine levels to drop leading to s/s
Idiopathic (cause unknown)
typical symptoms of Parkinson’s disease
stooped posture masked face back righty flexed elbows and wrists forward tilt of trunk tremors (resting)
Parkinsons disease screening and general qs
used to determine whether a pt should speak to their doctor or a mvmt disorder specialist about Parkinson’s
eg
-have u been getting slower in ur usual activities
-is your handwriting smaller
-is your speech slurred/softer
-do your lip/hand shake etc
does Parkinson’s shorten persons life span
no
what should be done in tx w parkinsions
walking/gait
balance training
rom
retraining over exaggerated physical mints (slow down hypokinesia)
What is grilling barre syndrome and main symptoms
rare disorder where body immune system attacks nerves (triggers by inf)
-peripheral neuropathy that causes acute neuromuscular failure, weakness/tingling in extremities
fatality rate of guideline barre syndrome
10%
What is a TIA
mini stroke’
stroke like symptoms disappear within an hour but could last up to 24hrs
high risk warming signs of tia red flag
lasts longer than 10 mins
weakness
speech probs
high blood pressure
about what proportion of strokes in 80+ age
1/3
what does dementia do
caused by variety of brain illness that affect memory, thinking, behaviour, ability to perform ADLs
- difficulties w thinking, prob solving, language
- unable for a person to perform everyday activ
- chnages in mood/behaviour
mc form of dementia
alzheimers
60-80% of cases
risk factors of dementia
genetics
behboirs (smoking, alcohol)
strong correlation w poor sleep
nutrition
New research regarding mask pain and cog impairment
edivence suggests chronic LBP, Oa etc are ssoociated with cog dysfunction
1/3 pts w stenosis had MCI
Diabetes dx leads to what % higher likelihood of back pain
35% greater
24% greater for neck pain
complications of low blood sugar
shaky, light headed, excessive sweating, loc
complications of high blood sugar
increased urination
inability to heal wounds
long term (numbness, tingling etc)
Complications of diabetic ketoacidosis
confused/tired
vommiting
stomach cram
prevelence of diabetes in >60 and >70
> 60- 2 fold increase in prev (15.7%)
> 70 have a 3 fold increase (22.2%)
what % of ppl with diabetes have neuropathic pain
50%
