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CD 3410 > COPD, Asthma, Hypertension, ADR > Flashcards

COPD, Asthma, Hypertension, ADR Flashcards

1
Q

symptoms of COPD/COLD

A

shortness of breath, cough, sputum production
progresssive
(can appear w chronic bronchitis or emphysema)

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2
Q

what is emphysema

A

damage to alveoli

(become stiff, dont stretch etc(

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3
Q

What is chronic bronchitis

A

redness, swelling and irritated tissues in airway

  • glands in airway produce extra mucus (phlegm)
  • more likely to cough
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4
Q

causes of COLD/COPD

A 
smoking (mc)
genetic (alpha1 antitrypsin def)
second hand smoke
air pollution
repeated lung inf
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5
Q

Tests to confirm copd

A 
pulmonary function tests
chest xray
ct scan 
atrial blood gas analysis
lab tests
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6
Q

pharm management of COPD

A
  • bronchodialators
  • inhaled steroids
  • combo inhalers
  • oral steroids
  • phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors
  • theophyline
  • antibiotics
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7
Q

what are lung therapies for COPD

A

oxygen therapy- only proved COPD therapy to extend life

Pulmonary rehab program

Surgery

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8
Q

How can SMT maybe help with COPD

A

may address some of the changes in respiratory mechanics associated w declining lung function, including an increase in flexibility of chestt wall and thoracic extension

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9
Q

why is asthma a greater risk for older indv

A

more likely to develop respiratory failure even during mild episodes

(harder to dx in older as symptoms mimic other health conditions)

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10
Q

management of asthma

A

prescription meds (most effective- beta agonists)

Lifestyle changes

Reg vaccine for influenza and pneumonia

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11
Q

how common is hypertension in inv over 65

A

> 2/3

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12
Q

what is elevated and high BP

A

elevated= 120-129 w diastolic <80

High= 130 or higher, 80 or higher

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13
Q

what is isolated systolic hypertension + why does it happen

A

130 or higher, diastolic <80

-age related stiffening of major arteries
mc in older inv

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14
Q

non modifiable factors of hypertension

A

age
gender (before 55 men have greater chance, women more after menopause)
Fam hx
african american

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15
Q

what is hypotension and symptoms

A

systolic lower than 90 and diastolic lower than 6o

  • feeling lightheaded, dizzy faint
  • caused by dehydration, med conditions, meds
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16
Q

main aspect to change when controlling hypertension

A

LIFESTYLE

  • healthy weight
  • exercise
  • eat healthy
  • manage salt
  • manage alcohol
  • dont smoke
17
Q

management of hyper tension (pharma)

A

CAlcium channel blockers (first line tx)

Angiotension II receptor blockers

ACE inhibitor

Low dose diuretics

18
Q

effect of lowering systolic bp to less than 120 in adults 50+ leads to what

A

Reduced risk of CVD and death

19
Q

midlife hypertension (SBP>140, DP>90) was associated with what

A

increased risk of dementia and alzheimer’s disease

20
Q

what are some common iatrogenic reactions in older people

A

adverse drug events, complications of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, nosocomial or hospital acquired infections, pain and variety of geriatric syndromes

3.4%-33.9% of the pop

21
Q

causes of iatrogenic interaction

A

drigs
med interventions
sure interventions

22
Q

What is a prescription cascade

A

where an adverse drug event is misinterpreted as a new medical condition leading to the addition of another potentially avoidable medication

-Contributes to inappropriate polypharmacy

23
Q

what is cognitive reserve

A

your brains ability to improvise and find alternative ways of getting a job done

24
Q

how to build up cognitive researve

A

engaging in stimulating activity, level of education, participating in leisure acuity, sleep hygiene, good diet, good physical activity

25
Q

What is dementia

A

Loss of cognitive functioning which includes thinking remembering and reasoning to an extent that interferes w a persons daily life and activities

26
Q

65% of this dx with dementia are whta

A

age >65 women

27
Q

Rabow and Mcphees ABCDEs of delivery of bad news

A 
Advance prep (be familiar with news)
Build up therapeutic env
Communicat well (direct/frank)
Deal with patient/fam rxns
Encourage and validate emotions

CD 3410 (8 decks)

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