Neuromuscular and Nervous Systems Review Session 3 (Via Scorebuilders)

Question 1

Describe some characteristics of the Left and Right cerebralHemisphere.

(Part of Telencephalon)

Answer 1

L: Language, understand language, sequence and perform movements, Produce written and spoken language, analytical, rational, express positive emotions

R: Nonverbal processing, artistic abilities, hand-eye coordination, spatial relationship, kinesthetic awareness, understand music, understand non verbal communication, Express negative emotions, body image awareness, mathematical reasoning.

Question 2

What is the purpose of the Hippocampus?

Part of Telencephalon

Answer 2

Forming and storing new memories. Also important for learning language.

Found in lower temporal lobe.

Question 3

What is the purpose of the Basal Ganglia? What condition(s) are associated with its dysfunction?

(Part of Telencephalon)

Answer 3

Voluntary movement, regulation of autonomic movement, posture, muscle tone, and control of motor responses.

PD, huntingtons, Tourette’s, ADD, OCD, and many addictions.

Question 4

What is the purpose of the Amygdala?

Part of Telencephalon

Answer 4

Emotional and social processing. Involved with fear and pleasure responses, arousal, processing of memory, and the formation of emotional memories.

Almond shaped nuclei within Temporal lobe.

Question 5

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 5

Voluntary movement, Intellect, Orientation

Broca’s area (Located in Left hemisphere) , speech, concentration

Personality, temper, judgement, reasoning, behavior, self-awareness, executive functions.

Question 6

What is the function of the Parietal lobe?

Answer 6

Sensation of touch, kinesthesia, perception of vibration and Temp

Receives info from other parts of brain regarding hearing, vision, motor, sensory, and memory.

Provides meaning for objects

Interprets language and words

Spatial and visual perception

Question 7

What is the function of the Temporal Lobe?

Answer 7

Primary auditory processing and olfaction

Wernicke’s area (Typically Left Hemi), ability to understand and produce meaningful speech, verbal and general memory, assists with understanding language.

Interpet other peoples emotions and reactions. (Rear temporal lobe)

Question 8

What is the function of the Occipital lobe?

Answer 8

Main processing for visual info

Process visual information regarding colors, light, and shapes

Judgement of distance, seeing in 3 dimensions.

Question 9

What impairments would you see in frontal lobe?

Answer 9

C/L weakness

Perseveration, inattention

Personality changes, antisocial behavior

Impaired concentration, apathy

Broca’s aphasia (expressive deficits)- Can express idea not complete sentence. Understand fine.

Delayed or poor initiation

emotional lability

Question 10

What impairments would you see in Parietal lobe?

Answer 10

Dominant Hemisphere- Agraphaia, alexia, agnosia

Non dominant hemi- Dressing apraxia, constructional apraxia, anosognosia

C/L sensory deficits

Impaired language comprehension

Impaired taste

Question 11

What impairments would you see in Temporal lobe?

Answer 11

Learning deficits

Wernicke’s aphasia (receptive deficits)

antisocial, aggressive behaviors

difficulty with facial recognition

difficulty with memory, memory loss

inability to categorize objects.

Question 12

What impairments would you see in occipital lobe?

Answer 12

Homonymous Hemianopsia

Impaired extracocular muscle movement deficits

Impaired color recognition

Reading and writing impairment

Cortical blindness with bilateral lobe involvement

Question 13

What is the purpose of the Thalamus?

Part of Diencephalon

Answer 13

Relay station for majority of info that goes into cerebral cortex.

Sensory perception

Movement with other parts of the brain and spinal cord.

Receives info from cerebellum, basal ganglia, and all sensory pathways, minus olfactory.

Question 14

What is the purpose of the Hypothalamus?

Part of Diencephalon

Answer 14

Recieves and integrates info from ANS and regulates hormones

Controls hunger, thirst, sexual behavior, and sleeping.

Regulates body temp, adrenal gland pituitary gland, and many other vital activities.

Question 15

What is the purpose of the Subthalamus?

Part of Diencephalon

Answer 15

Regulates movement produced by skeletal muscle

Question 16

What is the purpose of the Epithalamus?

Answer 16

PIneal gland secretes melatonin

Involved in circadian rhythms, internal clock.

Selected regulation of motor pathways and emotions.

Question 17

What is the purpose of the Midbrain (Mesencephalon)

Answer 17

Located at the base of the brain above the spinal cord.

Connects Forebrain and Hindbrain.

Relay area for info passing from cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord.

Reflex center for vision, auditory, and tactile responses.

2 key areas: Tectum and tegmentum.

Question 18

What is the purpose of the Cerebellum?

Answer 18

Fine tuning of movement and assist with maintaining posture and balance by controlling muscle tone and positioning of extremities in space

Rapid alternating movements

Question 19

What is the purpose of the Pons?

Answer 19

Regulation of respiration rate Orientation of the head in relation to visual and auditory stimuli.

CN 5-7 originate from the pons.

Question 20

What is the function of the Medulla Oblongata?

Answer 20

Influences ANS activity

Regulates respiration and HR

Reflex centers for vomiting, coughing, and sneezing.

Relays somatic sensory info from internal organs for control of arousal and sleep.

CN 9-12 originate from medulla.

Question 21

What impairments would you see from dysfunction of Thalamus?

Answer 21

Thalamic pain syndrome- Spontaneous pain on C/L side of body to the thalamic lesion.

Question 22

What impairments would you see from dysfunction of Hypothalamus?

Answer 22

Obesity, sexual disinterest, poor temp control, and diabetes insipidus.

Question 23

What impairments would you see from dysfunction of the Cerebellum?

Answer 23

Ataxia
Nystagmus
Tremor
Hypermetria
Poor coordination 
Deficits in postural reflexs, balance, and equilibrium depending on lesion location.

Question 24

Damage to the medulla oblongata will result in what impairments?

Answer 24

Damage to tracts crossing C/L impairment