Neuromuscular and Nervous Systems Review Session 3 (Via Scorebuilders) Flashcards
Describe some characteristics of the Left and Right cerebralHemisphere.
(Part of Telencephalon)
L: Language, understand language, sequence and perform movements, Produce written and spoken language, analytical, rational, express positive emotions
R: Nonverbal processing, artistic abilities, hand-eye coordination, spatial relationship, kinesthetic awareness, understand music, understand non verbal communication, Express negative emotions, body image awareness, mathematical reasoning.
What is the purpose of the Hippocampus?
Part of Telencephalon
Forming and storing new memories. Also important for learning language.
Found in lower temporal lobe.
What is the purpose of the Basal Ganglia? What condition(s) are associated with its dysfunction?
(Part of Telencephalon)
Voluntary movement, regulation of autonomic movement, posture, muscle tone, and control of motor responses.
PD, huntingtons, Tourette’s, ADD, OCD, and many addictions.
What is the purpose of the Amygdala?
Part of Telencephalon
Emotional and social processing. Involved with fear and pleasure responses, arousal, processing of memory, and the formation of emotional memories.
Almond shaped nuclei within Temporal lobe.
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
Voluntary movement, Intellect, Orientation
Broca’s area (Located in Left hemisphere) , speech, concentration
Personality, temper, judgement, reasoning, behavior, self-awareness, executive functions.
What is the function of the Parietal lobe?
Sensation of touch, kinesthesia, perception of vibration and Temp
Receives info from other parts of brain regarding hearing, vision, motor, sensory, and memory.
Provides meaning for objects
Interprets language and words
Spatial and visual perception
What is the function of the Temporal Lobe?
Primary auditory processing and olfaction
Wernicke’s area (Typically Left Hemi), ability to understand and produce meaningful speech, verbal and general memory, assists with understanding language.
Interpet other peoples emotions and reactions. (Rear temporal lobe)
What is the function of the Occipital lobe?
Main processing for visual info
Process visual information regarding colors, light, and shapes
Judgement of distance, seeing in 3 dimensions.
What impairments would you see in frontal lobe?
C/L weakness
Perseveration, inattention
Personality changes, antisocial behavior
Impaired concentration, apathy
Broca’s aphasia (expressive deficits)- Can express idea not complete sentence. Understand fine.
Delayed or poor initiation
emotional lability
What impairments would you see in Parietal lobe?
Dominant Hemisphere- Agraphaia, alexia, agnosia
Non dominant hemi- Dressing apraxia, constructional apraxia, anosognosia
C/L sensory deficits
Impaired language comprehension
Impaired taste
What impairments would you see in Temporal lobe?
Learning deficits
Wernicke’s aphasia (receptive deficits)
antisocial, aggressive behaviors
difficulty with facial recognition
difficulty with memory, memory loss
inability to categorize objects.
What impairments would you see in occipital lobe?
Homonymous Hemianopsia
Impaired extracocular muscle movement deficits
Impaired color recognition
Reading and writing impairment
Cortical blindness with bilateral lobe involvement
What is the purpose of the Thalamus?
Part of Diencephalon
Relay station for majority of info that goes into cerebral cortex.
Sensory perception
Movement with other parts of the brain and spinal cord.
Receives info from cerebellum, basal ganglia, and all sensory pathways, minus olfactory.
What is the purpose of the Hypothalamus?
Part of Diencephalon
Recieves and integrates info from ANS and regulates hormones
Controls hunger, thirst, sexual behavior, and sleeping.
Regulates body temp, adrenal gland pituitary gland, and many other vital activities.
What is the purpose of the Subthalamus?
Part of Diencephalon
Regulates movement produced by skeletal muscle
What is the purpose of the Epithalamus?
PIneal gland secretes melatonin
Involved in circadian rhythms, internal clock.
Selected regulation of motor pathways and emotions.
What is the purpose of the Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
Located at the base of the brain above the spinal cord.
Connects Forebrain and Hindbrain.
Relay area for info passing from cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord.
Reflex center for vision, auditory, and tactile responses.
2 key areas: Tectum and tegmentum.
What is the purpose of the Cerebellum?
Fine tuning of movement and assist with maintaining posture and balance by controlling muscle tone and positioning of extremities in space
Rapid alternating movements
What is the purpose of the Pons?
Regulation of respiration rate Orientation of the head in relation to visual and auditory stimuli.
CN 5-7 originate from the pons.
What is the function of the Medulla Oblongata?
Influences ANS activity
Regulates respiration and HR
Reflex centers for vomiting, coughing, and sneezing.
Relays somatic sensory info from internal organs for control of arousal and sleep.
CN 9-12 originate from medulla.
What impairments would you see from dysfunction of Thalamus?
Thalamic pain syndrome- Spontaneous pain on C/L side of body to the thalamic lesion.
What impairments would you see from dysfunction of Hypothalamus?
Obesity, sexual disinterest, poor temp control, and diabetes insipidus.
What impairments would you see from dysfunction of the Cerebellum?
Ataxia Nystagmus Tremor Hypermetria Poor coordination Deficits in postural reflexs, balance, and equilibrium depending on lesion location.
Damage to the medulla oblongata will result in what impairments?
Damage to tracts crossing C/L impairment
