Neurology System Flashcards
What is neurology?
The study of the communication of an animal’s nervous system
What are the two main divisions that the nervous system is composed of?
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
What are the functions of the nervous system?
Sensory functions
Integrating functions
Motor functions
What are the neuroglia or glial cells?
The supporting cells to neurons
Soma(perikaryon)
Central cell body
Dendrites
Receive stimuli or impulses from other neurons and transmit info to soma
Axon
Conduct nerve impulses away from the cell body to another neuron.
What are axons covered in?
Myelin
What are oligodendrocytes and where are they located?
White matter, specialized glial cells
Located in the brain and spinal cord
Where are schwann cells located?
Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord
What are the nodes of ranvier?
They are the gaps in the myelin sheath
What do the nodes of ranvier assist with?
Increase the impulse along the axons
What are the 3 ways a nervous system is organized?
Anatomical
Direction of impulses
Function
What is the central nervous system composed of?
Brain
Spinal cord
What is the peripheral nervous system composed of?
The nerves that branch off of the spinal cord
How many cranial nerves are there?
12
Afferent nerves
Sensory nerves
Conducts impulses towards CNS
Efferent nerves
Motor nerves
Conducts impulses away from CNS
What are the 2 categories of function portion of organization?
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Actions are under either conscious, voluntary control
Autonomic nervous system
Controls and coordinates automatic functions
Sympathetic division
Fight or flight
Parasympathetic division
Feed or breed
What is a resting state?
Neuron is not stimulated
What does the sodium-potassium pump do?
The proteins in the neurons cell membrane pumps the sodium ion out and potassium ions into the cell.
Can sodium diffuse through membrane on its own?
No
Which charges are outside and which ones are inside?
Positive charges are outside
Negative charges are inside
What type of charge does the sodium-potassium pump maintain?
Negatively charged resting membrane potential
What is the resting membrane potential?
The difference in electrical charge across across the neuronal membrane
What happens during depolarization?
The inside of the neuron goes from a negative to a net positive charge due to the inflow of NA+ ions
What are the steps for depolarization-action potential?
Neuron receives stimulus/ impulse
Na+ channel opens in neutron cell membrane
Na+ flows into the cell by passive diffusion
- it goes down the concentration gradient
- electrical gradient
- outside of the cell membrane is now negative
Inside of the cell is now positive
What is the action potential?
A significant change in electrical charge from a negative to positive
What are the steps for repolarization?
Na+ channels close
K+ channels open
K+ diffuse out of the cell
-down electrical and concentration gradient
Resting potential is restored
-cell is repolarized
- Na+ and K+ are now switched
