Neurology System

Question 1

What is neurology?

Answer 1

The study of the communication of an animal’s nervous system

Question 2

What are the two main divisions that the nervous system is composed of?

Answer 2

Central nervous system

Peripheral nervous system

Question 3

What are the functions of the nervous system?

Answer 3

Sensory functions
Integrating functions
Motor functions

Question 4

What are the neuroglia or glial cells?

Answer 4

The supporting cells to neurons

Question 5

Soma(perikaryon)

Answer 5

Central cell body

Question 6

Dendrites

Answer 6

Receive stimuli or impulses from other neurons and transmit info to soma

Question 7

Axon

Answer 7

Conduct nerve impulses away from the cell body to another neuron.

Question 8

What are axons covered in?

Answer 8

Myelin

Question 9

What are oligodendrocytes and where are they located?

Answer 9

White matter, specialized glial cells

Located in the brain and spinal cord

Question 10

Where are schwann cells located?

Answer 10

Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

Question 11

What are the nodes of ranvier?

Answer 11

They are the gaps in the myelin sheath

Question 12

What do the nodes of ranvier assist with?

Answer 12

Increase the impulse along the axons

Question 13

What are the 3 ways a nervous system is organized?

Answer 13

Anatomical
Direction of impulses
Function

Question 14

What is the central nervous system composed of?

Answer 14

Brain

Spinal cord

Question 15

What is the peripheral nervous system composed of?

Answer 15

The nerves that branch off of the spinal cord

Question 16

How many cranial nerves are there?

Answer 16

12

Question 17

Afferent nerves

Answer 17

Sensory nerves

Conducts impulses towards CNS

Question 18

Efferent nerves

Answer 18

Motor nerves

Conducts impulses away from CNS

Question 19

What are the 2 categories of function portion of organization?

Answer 19

Somatic nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

Question 20

Somatic nervous system

Answer 20

Actions are under either conscious, voluntary control

Question 21

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 21

Controls and coordinates automatic functions

Question 22

Sympathetic division

Answer 22

Fight or flight

Question 23

Parasympathetic division

Answer 23

Feed or breed

Question 24

What is a resting state?

Answer 24

Neuron is not stimulated

Question 25

What does the sodium-potassium pump do?

Answer 25

The proteins in the neurons cell membrane pumps the sodium ion out and potassium ions into the cell.

Question 26

Can sodium diffuse through membrane on its own?

Answer 26

No

Question 27

Which charges are outside and which ones are inside?

Answer 27

Positive charges are outside

Negative charges are inside

Question 28

What type of charge does the sodium-potassium pump maintain?

Answer 28

Negatively charged resting membrane potential

Question 29

What is the resting membrane potential?

Answer 29

The difference in electrical charge across across the neuronal membrane

Question 30

What happens during depolarization?

Answer 30

The inside of the neuron goes from a negative to a net positive charge due to the inflow of NA+ ions

Question 31

What are the steps for depolarization-action potential?

Answer 31

Neuron receives stimulus/ impulse
Na+ channel opens in neutron cell membrane
Na+ flows into the cell by passive diffusion
- it goes down the concentration gradient
- electrical gradient
- outside of the cell membrane is now negative
Inside of the cell is now positive

Question 32

What is the action potential?

Answer 32

A significant change in electrical charge from a negative to positive

Question 33

What are the steps for repolarization?

Answer 33

Na+ channels close
K+ channels open
K+ diffuse out of the cell
    -down electrical and concentration gradient
Resting potential is restored
     -cell is repolarized
     - Na+ and K+ are now switched