Neurology-Sleep Physiology-HIGHEST YIELD

Question 1

What sleep stages are seen when you are awake?

Answer 1

AWAKE:

Eyes open–> Beta (When your mom calls you baeta, you are up)
Eyes closed but still awake-> Alpha waves (She says araam kero)—> this stage indicates being RELAXED.

Question 2

What are the NREM sleep stages with their waves?

Answer 2

BA-TS drink blood.
So while, awake:
B-beta waves while eyes are open
A-alpha waves while eyes are closed

NREM–>
T–> Theta waves in N1
Sleep spindles and K waves—–>N2
Drink–> Delta waves—>N3

Question 3

Which sleep stage accounts for the maximum percentage of total sleep of a person?

Answer 3

N2—>45% of total sleep!!!

N2—> 2 indicates TWOTH–> Tooth grinding/bruxism occurs.

Question 4

Drowsiness is indicated by which waves on EEG?

Answer 4

N1 stage indicates drowsiness—>Theta waves seen.

Question 5

Which sleep stage causes somniloquy?

Answer 5

Somniloquy means—> sleep talking.

It occurs in N3.

Other conditions that can occur in N3 are—> sleep walking/ somnambulism, NIGHT TERRORS (asked in uworld–> because people confused it with nightmares that occur in REM sleep, in night terrors the person doesn’t remember it in the morning), Bedwtting.

Question 6

REM sleep accounts for how much of the total sleep time in a normal person?

Answer 6

Only 25%, occurs every 90 minutes, and its duration increased through the night.

Question 7

A person lucid dreaming, experiences this in which sleep stage?

Answer 7

REM sleep—> During REM–> A person can recall the dream/ nightmares vividly! Lucid dreaming too, occurs in REM sleep. (can be tested on)

REM sleep’s other important characteristics are:

• penile/clitoral tumescence
• may serve memory processing function
• MUSCLE ATONIA (asked in uworld)–> explains that why do people start acting out REM nightmares in REM behaviour disorder, and why people can’t move in sleep paralysis.

Question 8

Which drug can affect N3 of NREM sleep?

Answer 8

Desmopressin and Imipramine are used in the treatment of bedwetting and that occurs in N3.

Question 9

A person who has terminal insomnia, will have what changes to his/her

REM sleep time,
REM latency,
N3

Answer 9

Terminal insomnia is a fancy term for waking up much earlier than you are supposed to—> it is seen in depression.

In Depression,
REM sleep time INCREASED
REM sleep Latency is DECREASED
N3 is DECREASED

Question 10

What sleep changes are seen with aging?

REM sleep time,
REM latency,
N3

Answer 10

REM sleep time–> DECREASED
REM latency–> INCREASED
N3—> is DECREASED.

(So, you can remember that when a person gets old–> he does everything late so REM Latency INCREASED. They sleep less so there REM sleep time is DECREASED, and N3 is also decreased. Except of N3, the other two are opposite in depression)

Question 11

REM sleep behavior disorder is associated with?

Answer 11

Dementia with Lewy bodies.

Question 12

How would you treat narcolepsy?

Answer 12

Modafinil—> nonamphetamine stimulatant,

and nighttime sodium oxybate can be given too.

Question 13

What are the EEG changes seen in narcolepsy?

Answer 13

DECREASED REM SLEEP LATENCY.