Neurology-Anatomy basics

Question 1

Parietal lobe damage can cause what?

Answer 1

Parietal lobe has two important spots to remember:

> Postcentral gyrus/Somatosensory gyrus–> causes complete Contralateral somatosensory loss if damaged,

> Angular gyrus–> this is important for mathematical calculations, writing and counting own fingers.
If dominant side damaged–> Gerstmann syndrome
If non-dominant side damaged–> Hemispatial neglect syndrome.

Question 2

What spots/gyri do you need to know about temporal lobe?

Answer 2

Temporal lobe has the following important areas:

In the superior temporal gyrus (JUST BELOW LATERAL SULCUS)

1. Wernicke’s area (Makes us comprehend what people are saying and to sound logical–> backk, behind–> werr raha hai)
2. Primary Auditory cortex–> wernicke’s sey aagay.

Then,
Hippocampus—> for memory formation
Amygdyla–> for emotions and decision making.
uncus–> associated with seizures, medial most cerebral area to the brain stem–> uncal herniation damages CN3.
Fusiform gyrus–> to recognize people’s faces—> damage to this region causes prosopog-nisia.

Question 3

What you need to remember about the internal capsule?

Answer 3

Genu of the internal capusule has fibres–> Corticobulbar tract.
Posterior limb’s upper 2/3—> Corticospinal tract
Poterior limb’s lower 1/3–> Thalamocortical tract

Question 4

A person comes to you with lumbar radiculopathy due to intervertebral disc herniation, what is the embryological origin of the tissue causing this condition?

Answer 4

Notochord becomes nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disc in adults.

Question 5

What induces the growth of alar and basal plates of the neural tube?

(High yield because only in new FA)

Answer 5

Alar plate—> sensory–> dorsal–> induced by regulated by TGF-β (including bone morphogenetic protein [BMP])

Basal plate (ventral): motor; regulated by
sonic hedgehog gene (SHH)

Question 6

Associations of holoprosencephaly?

Answer 6

Trisomy 13 (Patau Syndrome)
Increased risk of pituitary dysfunction (Diabetes insipidus--> NEW FA only)

Question 7

CSF flows in between which layers?

Answer 7

PIYA—>PA–> arachnoid and pia matter.

Question 8

Associations of the following conditions causing noncommunicating hydrocephalus:

Chiari I malformation
Chiari II malformation
Dandy-Walker malformation

Answer 8

Chiari I malformation–> spinal cavitations (eg, syringomyelia)
Chiari II malformation–>lumbosacral myelomeningocele
Dandy-Walker malformation–> spina bifida

Question 9

H1- antagonists treat ____________.

Answer 9

hyperemesis gravidarum

Question 10

Glial cells that originate from neuroectoderm/neuroepithelium/neural tube?

Answer 10

Astrocytes, (most common glial cell in CNS)
Oligodendrocytes (Most common glial cell in white matter–>obviously myelinates axons of CNS so will be the most common one in white matter only)
Ependymal cells (will be tested–> written in a very hidden way in FA)
CNS neurons.

Question 11

Oligodendrocytes are affected in which neurological conditions?

Answer 11

Multiple sclerosis,
PML,
Affected in Krabbe’s disease,