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Pediatrics > Neurology Essay > Flashcards

Neurology Essay Flashcards

1
Q

mention classification of generalized seziures

A

Motor onset
* Tonic-clonic
* Clonic
* Tonic
* Atonic
*Myoclonic

Non motor onset
* Typical Absence

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2
Q

differential diagnosis of epileptic seizures

Causes of seizures / evaluation of 1st seizure

A
  1. Vascular : intracranial hemorrhage, stroke
  2. Infections : Meningitis, Brain abscess
  3. Metabolic : Hypoglycemia, Hyponatremia
  4. Trauma
  5. Toxicological : intake or withdrawl of substance
  6. Oncological : Brain tumor - metastasis
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3
Q

EVALUATION OF THE FIRST SEIZURE

A

exclude life-thretning conditions such us
❑ Meningitis,
❑ Systemic sepsis,
❑ Unintentional and intentional head trauma,
❑ ingestion of drugs of abuse and other toxins.

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4
Q

criteria of simple febrile seizures

A

❖a duration of less than15 minutes,
❖generalized in nature,
❖a single occurrence in a 24-hour period

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5
Q

enumerate causes of +ve Babinski sign

A
  1. infants < 2 years
  2. UMNL
  3. Post-ictal state
  4. Deep coma / anaesethisa
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6
Q

how to diagnose a case of cerebral palsy clinically

A
  1. Delay in motor development with abnormal gait, posture, tone and reflexes
  2. Persistence of primative reflexes (eg. Moro)
  3. Delay of appearance of normal posture
    protective reflexes (Parachute at 9 months)
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7
Q

what is treatment for spacticity in Cerebral Palsy

A
  1. Physical rehab.
  2. Orthoses
  3. Orthopedic surgery
  4. Muscle relaxant ( Baclofen)
  5. Botox
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8
Q

locations of choroid plexus

A
  1. Wall of lateral ventricles
  2. roof of 3rd & 4th ventricles
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9
Q

Most common causes of Obstructive Hydrocephalus are

A
  1. Aqueductal stenosis
  2. Chiari II malformations
  3. Dandy-Walker malformations (5 ~ 10 %)
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10
Q

what are the indications for medical ttt in Hydrocephalus

A
  1. Transient conditions such as meningitis
  2. Neonatal IVH
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11
Q

what are complications of shunt

A
  1. Shunt Obstruction or blockage
  2. Shunt Infections
  3. Shunt disconnection
  4. A shunt kinking or becoming compressed
  5. Shunt valve failure
  6. Over drainage
  7. Under drainage
  8. A subdural hematoma
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12
Q

what is the mechanism of Shunt overdrainage

A
  1. Siphoning effect*
  2. incorrect valve settings
  3. Rapid postural movements
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13
Q

what is the complications of overdrainage

A
  1. Slit ventricle syndrome
  2. subdural hematoma
  3. intracranial hypotension
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14
Q

enumerate Alternatives to shunting

A
  1. Choroid plexectomy in cases of CSF over-production.
  2. Cerebral aqueductoplasty.
  3. In cases where a tumor is the cause, removal cures the
    hydrocephalus in 80%.
  4. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV)
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15
Q
A
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Pediatrics (5 decks)

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