Nephrology short Flashcards
1
Q
what are the causes of nephrotic syndrome
A
**Primary causes: **
1. MCD
2. 1ry focal glomerulosclerosis
3. MPGN
4. idiopathic membranous nephropathy
5. Congenital NS
** Secondary causes: **
1. Systemic lupus erythematosus
2. Henoch-Schönlein purpura
3. Chronic infections
4. DM
6. Amyloidosis
7. RVT
8. Toxins : Gold and Penicilline
2
Q
Criteria of nephrotic syndrome
A
- Heavy selective Proteinuria (> 40 mg/m2 / h)
- Hypoproteinemia (Albumin < 3 gm/dl) normal: 3.5 ~5.5
- Generalized edema
- Hypercholesterolemia ( > 250 mg/dl) normal < 170
3
Q
peak age of presentation in nephrotic syndrome
A
1 ~ 4 years
80 % in < 6 years
4
Q
clinical significance of BP
A
- Nephrotic → normal ( may be hypo)
- Nephritic & FSGS → Hypertension
