Neurology Bot Med

Question 1

Headaches

Answer 1

Mentha x piperita oil topical, Piscidia piscipula (Jamaican dogwood), Rosmarinus officinalis, Salix spp. (willow), Tilia europaca (linden)

Question 2

Migraines

Answer 2

Ginkgo Biloba, Matricaria recutita (chamomile), Tanacetum Parthenium (feverfew), Tilia Europaea (linden)

Question 3

Parkinson’s Disease tremors

Answer 3

Atropa belladonna, Datura stramonium (datura), Hyoscyamus niger (henbane)

Question 4

Peripheral Neuropathy

Answer 4

Cannabis sativa, Capsicum frutescens topically, ginkgo Biloba

Question 5

Trigeminal Neuralgia

Answer 5

Aconitum napellus (Monkshood), capsicum annuum topically

Question 6

Insomnia (8)

Answer 6

Humulus lupus (hops), matricaria recutita (chamomile), Melissa officinalis, passiflora incarnata, piper methysticum (kava), piscidia erythrina (Jamaican dogwood), scutellaria lateriflora (baical skullcap), valeriana officinalis

Question 7

Matricaria Recutita

Answer 7

Chamomile Flower

Actions :
inflammation modulating, vulnerary
antiemetic, carminative, spasmolytic
diaphoretic
hypnotic, anxiolytic, nervine

Indications : Atopic dermatitis, skin ulcers, wounds, n/V, infant colic, intestinal gas, gastritis, gastroenteritis, IBD, smooth muscle spasms, mild fever, periodontal dx, gingivitis, insomnia, anxiety, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, migraine

CI : High fever

Question 8

Mentha Piperita

Answer 8

Peppermint Leaf

Actions : Carminative, spasmolytic, antiemetic, counterirritant (volatile oil topically)

Indications
Internal (crude herb or volatile oil) - cholelithiasis, infant colic, non ulder dyspepsia, maldigistion, gas, IBS, N/V, smooth muscle spasms of all types, viral URTI

Volatile oil topically : myalgia, arthritis, HA, strain/sprain

CI : GERD (reduces LES pressure like all carminatives) G6PD deficiency (menthol is metabolized by this enzyme)

AEs : heartburn

Question 9

Melissa Officinalis

Answer 9

Lemon Balm

Actions : Antithyroid, Anti-HSV, spasmolytic, carminative, hypnotic, nervine

Indications : hyperthyroidism, herpes (topical), anxiety, insomnia, non ulcer dyspepsia, maldigestion, IBS, infant colic, gas

Question 10

Cannabis Sativa

Answer 10

Marijuana

Actioins : Analgesic, sedative, antiemetic, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive

Indications : Cancer (cachexia, pain mgmt), glaucoma, hypertension, general pain mgmt, anxiety, depression, neuropathy, NV

CI : pregnancy, lactation, may decrease sex hormone levels, family hx of schizophrenia,

AEs:
Short term : dry mouth, impaired short term memory, paranoia, anxiety, panic
Long term : decreased LH/FSH, disturbed genital function, infertility, impared judgement and concentration, diminished REM sleep

Interactions : potentiates opiates, EtOH, and barbituates

Question 11

Capsicum frutescens

Answer 11

cayenne ground dried fruit

• Topical : anodyne, anti-neuralgic, anti-pruritic (depletion of substance P), counter-irritant, anti-inflammatory
• Internal : digestive stimulant, carminative, hypolipidemic, anticatarrhal, antiplatelet, circulatory stimulant

indicated:

external: diabetic neuropathy, pruritis, psoriasis, OA, RA, migraines
internal: hypochlorhydria, H pylori, maldigestion, dyspepsia, biliary insufficiency, atonic constipation, atherosclerosis, GI or resp infection, hypercoagulation, stimulant, capillary atony

contraindicated: pregnancy - uterine stimulant
interactions: compounds dry cough side effect of ACEIs

Question 12

Ginkgo biloba

Answer 12

ginkgo leaf

• anti-neoplastic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, inflammation modulator, bronchodilator, vasodilator
• nootropic: inhibits cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (caffeine), increases neuronal activity and memory
• anti-platelet: inhibits PAF (platelet activating factor) to decrease plt agg and degranulation

indicated: atherosclerosis, intermittent claudication, impotence, post-ischemic stroke, phlebitis, cerebrovascular insufficiency (depression, dementia, poor memory)

contraindicated: intracranial bleed, severe bleeding

interactions: blood thinners, as it inhibits PAF

Question 13

Rosmarinus officinalis

Answer 13

Rosemary oil from leaves

antimicrobial, hypertensive, circ stimulant, antioxidant, carminative, nervine

topical: myalgia, neuralgia, arthritis
internal: dyspepsia, loss of appetite

AEs: at toxic doses > coma, spasm, vomiting, death

CI: pregnancy, epilepsy

interacts: doxorubicin, vinblastine

Question 14

Salix spp.

Answer 14

Willow Bark

Constituents : Phenolic glycosides (salicin, salicylic acid), coumaric acid, tannins, flavonoids

Actions : anodyne, inflammation modulating, antipyretic, antirhematic, analgesic, (unlike aspirin, no antiplatelet activity)

Indications : Pain, interstitial cystitis, lower UTI, fever, myalgia, osteoarthritis, rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, strain/sprain, HA, gout

CI childhood viral exanthems (risk of Reye syndrome), longer term use, salicylate sensitivty, G6PD deficency, lactation

Interactions : anticoagulant and antiplatelet (theoretical)

Question 15

Piscidia Erythrina

Answer 15

Jamaica Dogwood Bark

Constituents : alkaloids, isoflavones, totenoids (rotenone)

Actions : anodyne, spasmolytic, sedative, nervine

Indications : myalgia, neuralgia, HA, insomnia

CI : Pregnancy, use of large doses

Toxicity : Large doses can cause N/V, depressed consciousness, convulsions, respiratory depression, HF, death

Question 16

Tilia Europaea

Answer 16

Linden flower, leaf, dried sapwood

Actions : diaphoretic, peripheral vasodilator, spasmolytic, nervine

Indications :
- Internal : restlessness, migraine and HA, URTI with catarrh, HTN
- External : bath or enema for anxiety, HTN, rheumatism, dermatitis

AEs : Urticaria with external use, allergic rhinitis

Interactions : decreases iron absorption

Question 17

Tanacetum Parthenium

Answer 17

Feverfew Leaf

Constituents : Sesquiterpene Lactones

Actions : inflammation modulating, anti-migraine

Indications : migraine

Ci : pregnancy

Question 18

Aconitum Napellus

Answer 18

Monkshood Root

Constiuents : Diterpenoid alkaloids (aconitine)

Actions : Anodyne, antineuralgic

Indications : neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, pain

CI : pregnancy, lactation, high doses

AEs : N/V, HA, miosis (pinpoint pupils), hypotension, chest pain, chills, pale, collapse, dyspnea, ventricular fibrillation

Toxicity : Highly toxic when used internally. Narrow therapeutic window. oversode lethal.

Question 19

Humulus Lupulus

Answer 19

Hops

Actions : Hypnotic, phytoestrogen, bitter, nervine

Indicatioins : Insomnia, digestive weakness, hyper- or hypoestrogen conditions, menopausal sxs

CI : Bitter CIs. Long term exposure to men can cause gynecomastica and loss of libido

Question 20

Passiflora Incarnata

Answer 20

Passion Flower Leaf

Actioins : Hypnotic, anxiolytic, nervine

Indications : Insomnia, anxiety

Question 21

Piper Methysticum

Answer 21

Kava Root

Actions : Anxiolytic, anodyne, nervine, spasmolytic

Indiatioins : Anxiety, interstitial cystitis

CI : Combination with antipsychotic meds; long term internal use at high doses

AEs : Discontinue if any signs of LV damage occur

Toxicity : potentially hepatotoxic?

Question 22

Scutellaria Lateriflora

Answer 22

Skullcap Leaf

Actions : Hypnotic, anxiolytic, anodyne, nervine

Indications : insomnia, anxiety, pain

Question 23

Valeriana Officinalis

Answer 23

Valerian Root

Actions : Hypnotic, anxiolytic, anodyne, spasmolytic, nervine

Indications : Insomnia, anxiety, smooth and skeletal muscle spasms anywhere

AEs : occasional daytime sedation; the rare individual experiences an opposite, stimulating reaction