Neurology Bot Med Flashcards
Headaches
Mentha x piperita oil topical, Piscidia piscipula (Jamaican dogwood), Rosmarinus officinalis, Salix spp. (willow), Tilia europaca (linden)
Migraines
Ginkgo Biloba, Matricaria recutita (chamomile), Tanacetum Parthenium (feverfew), Tilia Europaea (linden)
Parkinson’s Disease tremors
Atropa belladonna, Datura stramonium (datura), Hyoscyamus niger (henbane)
Peripheral Neuropathy
Cannabis sativa, Capsicum frutescens topically, ginkgo Biloba
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Aconitum napellus (Monkshood), capsicum annuum topically
Insomnia (8)
Humulus lupus (hops), matricaria recutita (chamomile), Melissa officinalis, passiflora incarnata, piper methysticum (kava), piscidia erythrina (Jamaican dogwood), scutellaria lateriflora (baical skullcap), valeriana officinalis
Matricaria Recutita
Chamomile Flower
Actions :
inflammation modulating, vulnerary
antiemetic, carminative, spasmolytic
diaphoretic
hypnotic, anxiolytic, nervine
Indications : Atopic dermatitis, skin ulcers, wounds, n/V, infant colic, intestinal gas, gastritis, gastroenteritis, IBD, smooth muscle spasms, mild fever, periodontal dx, gingivitis, insomnia, anxiety, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, migraine
CI : High fever
Mentha Piperita
Peppermint Leaf
Actions : Carminative, spasmolytic, antiemetic, counterirritant (volatile oil topically)
Indications
Internal (crude herb or volatile oil) - cholelithiasis, infant colic, non ulder dyspepsia, maldigistion, gas, IBS, N/V, smooth muscle spasms of all types, viral URTI
Volatile oil topically : myalgia, arthritis, HA, strain/sprain
CI : GERD (reduces LES pressure like all carminatives) G6PD deficiency (menthol is metabolized by this enzyme)
AEs : heartburn
Melissa Officinalis
Lemon Balm
Actions : Antithyroid, Anti-HSV, spasmolytic, carminative, hypnotic, nervine
Indications : hyperthyroidism, herpes (topical), anxiety, insomnia, non ulcer dyspepsia, maldigestion, IBS, infant colic, gas
Cannabis Sativa
Marijuana
Actioins : Analgesic, sedative, antiemetic, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive
Indications : Cancer (cachexia, pain mgmt), glaucoma, hypertension, general pain mgmt, anxiety, depression, neuropathy, NV
CI : pregnancy, lactation, may decrease sex hormone levels, family hx of schizophrenia,
AEs:
Short term : dry mouth, impaired short term memory, paranoia, anxiety, panic
Long term : decreased LH/FSH, disturbed genital function, infertility, impared judgement and concentration, diminished REM sleep
Interactions : potentiates opiates, EtOH, and barbituates
Capsicum frutescens
cayenne ground dried fruit
- Topical : anodyne, anti-neuralgic, anti-pruritic (depletion of substance P), counter-irritant, anti-inflammatory
- Internal : digestive stimulant, carminative, hypolipidemic, anticatarrhal, antiplatelet, circulatory stimulant
indicated:
external: diabetic neuropathy, pruritis, psoriasis, OA, RA, migraines
internal: hypochlorhydria, H pylori, maldigestion, dyspepsia, biliary insufficiency, atonic constipation, atherosclerosis, GI or resp infection, hypercoagulation, stimulant, capillary atony
contraindicated: pregnancy - uterine stimulant
interactions: compounds dry cough side effect of ACEIs
Ginkgo biloba
ginkgo leaf
- anti-neoplastic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, inflammation modulator, bronchodilator, vasodilator
- nootropic: inhibits cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (caffeine), increases neuronal activity and memory
- anti-platelet: inhibits PAF (platelet activating factor) to decrease plt agg and degranulation
indicated: atherosclerosis, intermittent claudication, impotence, post-ischemic stroke, phlebitis, cerebrovascular insufficiency (depression, dementia, poor memory)
contraindicated: intracranial bleed, severe bleeding
interactions: blood thinners, as it inhibits PAF
Rosmarinus officinalis
Rosemary oil from leaves
antimicrobial, hypertensive, circ stimulant, antioxidant, carminative, nervine
topical: myalgia, neuralgia, arthritis
internal: dyspepsia, loss of appetite
AEs: at toxic doses > coma, spasm, vomiting, death
CI: pregnancy, epilepsy
interacts: doxorubicin, vinblastine
Salix spp.
Willow Bark
Constituents : Phenolic glycosides (salicin, salicylic acid), coumaric acid, tannins, flavonoids
Actions : anodyne, inflammation modulating, antipyretic, antirhematic, analgesic, (unlike aspirin, no antiplatelet activity)
Indications : Pain, interstitial cystitis, lower UTI, fever, myalgia, osteoarthritis, rheumatism, rheumatoid arthritis, strain/sprain, HA, gout
CI childhood viral exanthems (risk of Reye syndrome), longer term use, salicylate sensitivty, G6PD deficency, lactation
Interactions : anticoagulant and antiplatelet (theoretical)
Piscidia Erythrina
Jamaica Dogwood Bark
Constituents : alkaloids, isoflavones, totenoids (rotenone)
Actions : anodyne, spasmolytic, sedative, nervine
Indications : myalgia, neuralgia, HA, insomnia
CI : Pregnancy, use of large doses
Toxicity : Large doses can cause N/V, depressed consciousness, convulsions, respiratory depression, HF, death
Tilia Europaea
Linden flower, leaf, dried sapwood
Actions : diaphoretic, peripheral vasodilator, spasmolytic, nervine
Indications :
- Internal : restlessness, migraine and HA, URTI with catarrh, HTN
- External : bath or enema for anxiety, HTN, rheumatism, dermatitis
AEs : Urticaria with external use, allergic rhinitis
Interactions : decreases iron absorption
Tanacetum Parthenium
Feverfew Leaf
Constituents : Sesquiterpene Lactones
Actions : inflammation modulating, anti-migraine
Indications : migraine
Ci : pregnancy
Aconitum Napellus
Monkshood Root
Constiuents : Diterpenoid alkaloids (aconitine)
Actions : Anodyne, antineuralgic
Indications : neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, pain
CI : pregnancy, lactation, high doses
AEs : N/V, HA, miosis (pinpoint pupils), hypotension, chest pain, chills, pale, collapse, dyspnea, ventricular fibrillation
Toxicity : Highly toxic when used internally. Narrow therapeutic window. oversode lethal.
Humulus Lupulus
Hops
Actions : Hypnotic, phytoestrogen, bitter, nervine
Indicatioins : Insomnia, digestive weakness, hyper- or hypoestrogen conditions, menopausal sxs
CI : Bitter CIs. Long term exposure to men can cause gynecomastica and loss of libido
Passiflora Incarnata
Passion Flower Leaf
Actioins : Hypnotic, anxiolytic, nervine
Indications : Insomnia, anxiety
Piper Methysticum
Kava Root
Actions : Anxiolytic, anodyne, nervine, spasmolytic
Indiatioins : Anxiety, interstitial cystitis
CI : Combination with antipsychotic meds; long term internal use at high doses
AEs : Discontinue if any signs of LV damage occur
Toxicity : potentially hepatotoxic?
Scutellaria Lateriflora
Skullcap Leaf
Actions : Hypnotic, anxiolytic, anodyne, nervine
Indications : insomnia, anxiety, pain
Valeriana Officinalis
Valerian Root
Actions : Hypnotic, anxiolytic, anodyne, spasmolytic, nervine
Indications : Insomnia, anxiety, smooth and skeletal muscle spasms anywhere
AEs : occasional daytime sedation; the rare individual experiences an opposite, stimulating reaction
