CV Bot Med Flashcards

Question

Cynara scolymus | - indications? actions?

Answer 1

Artichoke **Asteraceae family** - bitter, **hypolipidemic** indicated: dyslipidemia, **poor digestion** contraindicated in bitter CIs

Answer 2

foxglove leaf **low dose herb** * cardiac glycosides* positive ionotrope, negative chronotrope - cardiac stimulant, diuretic, emetic at high doses, vaso-constrictor indicated: **CHF**, atrial arrhythmias AEs: *narrow therapeutic range*, GI sxs, **yellow or green halo around objects**, **death** contraindicated: 1/2 degree AV block, severe carditis, angina, arrhythmias, bradycardia. cardiac hypertrophy, aortic stenosis, kidney failure, hypokalemia/calcemia, hypercalcemia, pregnancy, lactation interactions: hypokalemic drugs/**diuretics, corticosteroids.** anti-arrhythmics, pseudoephedrine, **glycyrrhiza**, calcium > will promote arrhythmia, potentiates BBs

Answer 3

ginkgo leaf Anti atherosclerotic, antioxidant, inflammation modulating, antineoplastic, nootropic, anti-platelet indicated: atherosclerosis, intermittent claudication, impotence, post-ischemic stroke, phlebitis, cerebrovascular insufficiency (depression, dementia, poor memory) contraindicated: intracranial bleed, severe bleeding interactions: blood thinners, as it inhibits PAF

Answer 4

Licorice root Glycyrrhizin (saponin) : decreases degradation of cortisol in LV and KDs, thus systemic inflammation modulator ; adaptogen, decreases testosterone synthesis; antiviral; hepatoprotective ; phytoestrogen; stimulating expectorant Flavonoids : immunomodulating, inflammation modulating, demulcent, anti H. Pylori Polysaccharides : immunomodulating, demulcent Tx : Glycyrrhizin-containing preparation : viral hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis, hypertestosteronism, estrogen imbalance (menopause sxs), menorrhagia, chronic inflammation, cancer, HSV, HIV/AIDS, postherpetic neuralgia (topical), infxn in general, periodontal dx (topical) asthma, COPD, dry cough, hypotension, hypoadrenocorticism, CVS Glycyrrhizin not required : gastritis, PUD, esophagitis, H.pylori, IBD, lower UTI AEs: can lead to pseudoaldosteronism Early : weakness, fatigue, edema, weight loss, HTN, hypokalemia Late : rhabdomyolysis, KD failure, hypertensive encephalopathy **contraindicated in HTN as it can increase corticosteroids and HTN**, hyperaldosteronism, estrogen dependent cancers (theoretically); chronic OD, pregnancy (short term use only) Toxicity : the systemic increase in cortisol, a weak aldosterone receptor, causes pseudo hyperaldosteronism (largely a result of hypokalemia. Non-Glycyrrhizin contains products do not cause. interacts: - K+ decreases toxicity - Licorice can increase corticosteroids - Use with extreme care in pts taking mineralocorticoids - Synergistic toxicity with other medications that deplete K+ (cathartic laxative abuse, some diuretics and corticosteroids) Increased danger of toxicity with drugs that are toxic in a setting of hypokalemia (digoxin, quinidine, gentamicin)

Answer 5

Witch hazel twig and leaf *contains tannins - astringent*, anti-inflammatory, local hemostatic effects indications: *external use* all cases of bleeding, hemorrhoids, varicose veins, bruises, inflammation. can control diarrhea and dysentery, sore throat, tonsillitis, acute catarrh. can use internally, but use common sense. AEs: high doses can increase risk of esophageal and liver cancer (drinking teas 15-20 cups/day)

Answer 6

Motherwort whole plant * cardiac glycosides - hypotensive, inhibits myocardial cell firing, diuretic, antispasmodic (uterus and blood vessels), sedative (but takes months), improves mesenteric circulation and coronary perfusion indicated: nervousness, irritable, restless, menopause, hyperthyroidism, palpitations/anxiety, reduced coronary perfusion contraindicated: pregnancy

Answer 7

snake root **low dose herb** * indole alkaloid reserpine* - antihypertensive alkaloids: releases noradrenaline and inhibits its resorption > lowers catecholamines > hypotensive effect - antiarrhythmic alkaloids ajmaline indications: HTN, nervousness, insomnia AEs: nasal congestion, depression, tiredness, ED contraindicated: depression, PD, ulceration, pheochromocytoma, pregnancy, lactation interacts: increases alcohol impairment, increases effect of neuroleptics and barbituates, severe bradycardia with digitalis glycosides, herb effect is reduced w/ levodopa, increase in extra pyramidal motor sxs w sympathomimetics

Answer 8

Rosemary oil from leaves antimicrobial, hypertensive, circ stimulant, antioxidant, carminative, circulation improvement when applied topically, nervine topical: myalgia, neuralgia, arthritis internal: dyspepsia, loss of appetite AEs: at toxic doses > coma, spasm, vomiting, death CI: pregnancy, epilepsy interacts: doxorubicin, vinblastine

Answer 9

Dandelion root/leaf **asteraceae family** - root is a hepatotonic and cholagogue, bitter, antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory - leaf is a bitter, diuretic, antiviral, choleretic root: poor digestion, cholecystitis leaf: lower UTIs, urolithiasis, edema, topical warts, CHF leaf: contraindicated w use of BBs contraindicated in bitter digestive complaints and asteraceae whole plant is diuretic (avoid with Lithium) interacts: PPIs, Li, hypoglycemics, *reduces vit B absorption*

Answer 10

Bilberry, Blue Berry leaf and fruit - contains potent antioxidants, used for microvascular protection, venotonic, anti-diarrheal, nutrient, astringent, hypoglycemic leaf: acute or chronic dysentery, cystitis, DM, (external for burns or skin disease) fruit: diarrhea, myopia, retinopathies, inflammation, varicose veins AEs: diarrhea, long term use of leaf can damage liver and kidneys d/y hydroquinones contraindicated: pregnancy, lactation interacts: insulin, hypoglycemics, tannins

Answer 11

american hellebore dried rhizome and root **low dose herb** -circulatory depressant, antispasmodic, hypotensive album: protoveratrine A and B are sensory nerve irritants and inhibit activation of Na channels - indicated: internal hypertension and topical insecticide viride: alkaloids inhibit activation of Na channels in heart cell regulators to reduce BP and slow HR - indicated: rapid full pulse, HTN, fever, inflammation, flushed skin, blood shot eyes AEs: lacrimation, salivation, vomiting, burning sensation in mouth and throat, inability to swallow, vertigo, paralysis, convulsions, death **give atropine and send to ED** **do not ever prescribe this. extremely toxic** CI in pregnancy and lactation

Answer 12

Ginger root carminative, antispasmodic, warming stimulant, anti-emetic, rubefacient, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, anti-inflammatory indicated for: nausea, flatulence, abd discomfort, and diarrhea, loss of appetite, motion sickness, RA (inhibits COX and LOX) AEs: Gi complaints contraindicated: no more than 2 g in pregnancy, dont take with gallstones, not in pts at risk of hemorrhage interacts: anticoags