Neurology Flashcards
2 clinical signs of lambert eaton and what happens with nerve stimulation?
proximal muscle weakness and hyporeflexia
incremental response
What is the most common inherited neuro disease?
at what age does it typically present?
2 clinical signs to remember?
a third, very classic sign?
charcot marie tooth
first two decades of life, family history big deal
progressive distal limb weakness and decreased proprioception
high arched foot with foot drop
glucose and protein for bacterial meningitis?
glucose and protein for viral?
under 40 and over 200
glucose normal s 40-70 and protein normal or up
what do we lose with anterior cord syndrome and what is the artery?
anterior spinal artery
motor from the corticospinal tract and pain and temp from the spinothalamic
2 clinical signs to remember for Creutzfeldt Jakob disease?
rapid decline of cognition and myoclonus
what is different about an essential tremor?
What makes it better?
What is a classic feature?
How does it typically present?
both at rest and persists with intention or movement.
alcohol
family history
bilateral in the wrists
sturge weber syndrome 2 clinical signs?
port wine stain on face and serizure
what artery supplies broca’s area?
anterior branch of MCA
what neuro problem to administer high dose steroids right away?
cord compression
3 situations where we see thiamine deficiency or beriberi disease on the test?
alcoholics
recent bariatric surgery
people only getting parenteral nutrition
middle meningeal artery is a branch of what artery?
maxillary
what do we use donepezil to treat?
Alzheimer’s
What drug to treat chorea in huningtons?
tetrabenazine
What is entrapment of the lateral femoral nerve?
meralgia
What is the most common suprasellar tumor in kids?
craniopharygiomas
How to treat gastroparesis in uncontrolled diabetic?
metoclopramide
What is the most common cerebral artery involved in ischemic strokes? What region of the body to alwas remember about this artery?
middle
face
What will be part of the question if the anterior cerebral artery is involved in ischemic stroke?
personality changes
If I am thinking central retinal artery occlusion what must the physical exam have?
cherry red spot when examining the eyes
older patients falls and is on anticouag med, what to always have in my mind?
chronic subdural hematoma
what is first line treatment for status epilepsy?
if that does work, what is second line?
benzo
fosphenytoin or phenytoin
duputren contracture affects which two fingers most commonly?
4th and fifth
When do we do surgery for a subdural hematoma?
hematoma is greater than 10 mm or cause midline shift more than 5 mm
wernickes aphasia 2 sins to always rrmember?
they can talk but it doesn’t make sense and they cant comprehend language
classic triad of normal pressure hydrocephalus?
how to treat and confirm diagnosis?
abnormal gait, urinary inconsistence, and dmentia
high volume LP those ventricles will be huge on CT
What is the most common tumor at the cerebellopontine angle and what is the classic triad of it?
additional clinical sign commonly seen?
vestibular schwannomas
ipsilateral hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo
sensory loss over face
triad of prolactinoma?
what symptom will present because of the tumor and why?
secondary amenorrhea, decreased libido, galactorrhea
bitemporal hemianopsia because the optic chiasm in compressed
Where does the spinal tract for dorsal column, cortical spinal tract, and lateral spinal tract cross over?
dorsal comes in and heads up same side and then crosses over at medullar.
cortical crosses over at medulla and then comes down same side it goes out.
lateral comes in and crosses over immediately and then heads up to brain.
Hemi section of the cord causes what to the three major tracts?
ipsilateral motor loss, ipsilateral proprioception loss, and contralateral pain and temp loss
What would be lost in anterior cord syndrome?
loss of everything below the lesion except the dorsal column stuff so proprioception etc.
What is the specific loss with central cord syndrome?
Posterior cord syndrome loss?
sensory loss in a cape like distribution in UE
lose proprioception and vibration
how to treat shingles?
if its within the first 48 hours then acyclovir.
if it is after 48 hours its all supportive and its all about pain control.
TCAs, opiods, gabapentin
drug to remember for RLS on the exam?
pramipexole
What to give for prophrylaxis for TB?
How to treat the seizures this drug can cause?
isoniazid
b6
subdurals most commonly occur in what two patient populations?
old
alcoholics
tuberou sclerosis triad?
retarded, seizures, and psychomotor delay
What is the mneominc for Wernicke Korsakoff?
COAT RACK
confusion, opthalmegia or nystagmus, ataxia, thiamine defieicny
retroade and antegrade amnesia, confabulations and Korsakoff psychoses
what is the difference between open and closed angle glaucoma?
what do we see on eye exam?
open is painless and gradual vision loss
closed is painful and acute vision loss
increased cop to disk ratio
If I see sparing of the macula and can’t recognize faces of the people you know, what cerebral artery is involved?
posterior
besides prednisone what other meds can be used for cluster headahces?
frst line treatment for acute cluster?
calcium channel blockers
oxygen
what is the most important intervention in patients with hemorrhagic stroke?
get the blood pressure down
when do we add ampicillin to the meningitis regimen?
immunocompromised patients to cover list mono
weird symptom to remember of b12 deficiency?
glossitis
