Cardio

Question 1

uncontrolled Hypertension is a risk factor for what murmur?

Answer 1

aortic regurgitation

Question 2

most common cause of aortic stenosis?

3 cardinal symptoms of aortic stenosis?

Answer 2

age related calcification

chest pain, LOC, and dyspnea on exertion

Question 3

How to manage unstable SVT?

how to manage stable SVT?

Answer 3

sedation and cardioversion

vagal maneuvers, adenosine, and then beta blocker

Question 4

If I see splinter hemorrhages what am I thinking?

Answer 4

bacterial endocarditis

Question 5

two bugs causing early endocarditis on prosthetic valves?
bug causing late endocarditis on valve?
Also, what is the time frame of early to late?

Answer 5

staph epidermis and staph aureus, epidermis is more in the first 6 months, and staph aureus is late
strep species
early is within 12 months and late is after 12 months

Question 6

CO, PCWP, and SVR of cardiogenic shock?

Answer 6

low, high, high

Question 7

CO, PCWP, and SVR of hemorrhagic shock?

Answer 7

low, low, high

Question 8

CO, PCWP, and SVR of septic shock?

Answer 8

high, low, low

Question 9

CO, PCWP, and SVR of anaphylactic shock?

Answer 9

high, low, low

Question 10

CO, PCWP, and SVR of neurogenic shock?

Answer 10

low, low, low

Question 11

What is the most common primary tumor of the heart in adults?

Answer 11

myxoma

Question 12

acute CHF is treated how?

Answer 12

sodium restriction, ace, and Lasix

Question 13

What is the EKG finding for hypothermia?

Answer 13

J or Osborne wave which comes right after the QRS in V2-V5

Question 14

What is variant angina and how to manage?
classical ekg finding?
what is absolutely contraindicated?

Answer 14

transient angina caused by vasospasms of the coronary arteries. calcium channel blocker
st elevations that quickly return to baseline when relieved
beta blockers

Question 15

What does the CHADSVAS acronym stand for when dealing with stroke?

Answer 15

congestive heart failure
HTN and HER
Age over 75
Diabetes
stroke before
vascular disease

Question 16

4 things to consider for management of peripheral artery disease?

Answer 16

statin, BP med, blood sugar under control, anti platelet

Question 17

what bone would compress the facial nerve?

Answer 17

temporal bone

Question 18

What is the first diagnostic test of choice when heart failure is suspected?

Answer 18

BNP

Question 19

If I see QRS super peaked what should I always be thinking?

Answer 19

LV hypertrophy from long standing hypertension

Question 20

4 EKG strips we give epinephrine for?

What are we looking for to do cardioversion?

Answer 20

v fib, pulseless v tach, pulseless activity, and asystole

the unstable patient with symptomatic tachy but the important thing is unstable so look at vitals.

Question 21

3 steps in treating v fib?

Answer 21

compressions
defib
epi

Question 22

buzz word wide, fixed splt s2 is what heart problem?

Answer 22

ASD

Question 23

What is the most common family high cholesterol diseases?

Answer 23

2a

Question 24

with a PDA, what will we normally see on xray and why>

Answer 24

increased pulmonary markings because of the left to right shunt causing back up pressure and volume into the lungs

Question 25

What two classes of meds to use for HTN in blacks?

Answer 25

calcium channel blockers and thiazides

Question 26

What is the first initial step in treating aortic dissection?

Answer 26

beta blockers to lower blood pressure and then sodium nitroprusside

Question 27

best test to diagnose acute tamponade?

Answer 27

eco

TTE

Question 28

What will the EKG finding be for pericarditis due to uremia and why

Answer 28

peaked t waves because of the hyperkalemia due to the uremia. Not st elvations because inflammation is not the problem.

Question 29

if we are dealing with a patient with family high cholesterol, what are we thinking for the LDL?

Answer 29

over 300

Question 30

What is the most common paroxysmal supra ventricular tachy in young adults?
what can sometimes terminate it?
patho?

Answer 30

AV reentrant tachy
vagal maneuvers
dual av node physiology