Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

Thunderclap headache

A

Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (cf. PCKD)

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2
Q

Xanthochromic Lumbar Puncture

A

Subarachnoid haemorrhage (cf fresh blood - traumatic tap)

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3
Q

Lucid period after head trauma (often followed by sudden collapse or deterioration)

A

Extradural haemorrhage

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4
Q

Cogwheel rigifity

A

Parkinsons (tremor over rigidity)

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5
Q

“Woody texture” muscle swelling

A

Duchenne or Becker MD

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6
Q

Raised CK

A

Muscular Dystrophy

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7
Q

Toe walker or positive gowers sign

A

Muscular Dystrophy

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8
Q

“Mask-like” expression

A

Parkinsons

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9
Q

“Fluctuating” cognitive Deficit

A

Lewy Body Dementia or Delirium

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10
Q

REM disturbance (later in night)

A

lewy body dementia

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11
Q

vivid visual hallucinations normally of children and not threatening

A

lewy body dementia

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12
Q

“acute onset” cognitive disturbance that fluctuates

A

Delirium

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13
Q

Personality/behaviour changes and then dementia

A

frontotemporal dementia (pick’s disease)

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14
Q

memory and personality problems in someone with a history of cardiovascular disease

A

vascular dementia

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15
Q

stepwise deterioration

A

vascular dementia

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16
Q

pain on loud noise

A

facial nerve palsy

17
Q

What causes a painful third nerve palsy?

A

posterior communicating artery aneurysm

18
Q

myalgia + myositis + myoglobulinaemia

A

rhabdomyolysis (DIC and acute renal failure)

19
Q

Inflammatory myopathy with poor response to steroids

A

inclusion body myositis

20
Q

weakness + frontal balding + cataracts

A

myotonic dystrophy (onset 30s, +ve FHx)

21
Q

Leg symptoms + midline shift

A

falcine herniation

22
Q

back pain worse on coughing

A

slipped disk

23
Q

headache worse on coughing

A

posterior fossa issue

24
Q

BL sciatica + male sexual dysfunction +/- bowel and bladder symptoms

A

cauda equina

25
Q

Pleocytosis on CSF

A

rule out? bacterial meningitis

26
Q

Migraine prophylaxis

A

1st line propranolol, topiramate or amitriptyline; 2nd line valproate, pizotifen, gabapentinhow, pregabalin (if one drug does not work by 4/12, try another)

27
Q

Injury upper brachial plexus

A

Erb’s palsy (waitors tip). More common associated with shoulder dystocia

28
Q

Injury lower brachial plexus

A

Klumpke’s palsy (claw hand) - Horners syndrome

29
Q

+ve simmonds test

A

Achilles tendon rupture

30
Q

What disease presents Anti acetylcholine receptor antibodies?

A

myasthenia gravis

31
Q

What disease is purely motor symptoms (UMN and LMN) and has ocular sparing?

A

motor neurone disease

32
Q

cervical myelopathy

A

high stepping gait + romberg’s positive

33
Q

Racoon or panda eyes

A

fracture of anterior cranial fossa

34
Q

battle sign behind ears

A

fracture of middle cranial fossa - mastoid process of temporal bone

35
Q

Diarrhoea and weakness after infection

A

Guillain Barre