Neurology

Question 1

Tetany

Answer 1

less than 50% calcium in blood, hypocalcemia

Question 2

Rigor Mortis

Answer 2

ATP is exhausted

Question 3

Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 3

defect of the X chromosome, causes tearing of the muscle (lack of dystrophin)

Question 4

Which basal ganglia affected by Parkinson’s Ds

Answer 4

Substantia nigra

Question 5

which basal ganglia is affected by athetosis

Answer 5

Globus pallidus

Question 6

Damage to cerebellum would cause errors in these 4 referring to coordination

Answer 6

rate, range, force, and direction

Question 7

What are some functions of the glial cells? What can they do that neurons can not?

Answer 7

Protect, nourish, provide immunity.

They can undergo mitosis- responsible for CNS tumors

Question 8

List the 4 glial cells and their function

Answer 8

astrocytes (repair, etc), oligodendrocyte (myelination), microglia (macrophages), and ependymal (epithelial cells to choroid plexus leading to CSF)

Question 9

pathology to the basal ganglia often lead to what type of disorders?

Answer 9

movement: chorea, akinesia, Parkinson’s, Tourettes, athetosis

Question 10

which basal ganglia is composed of the caudate nucleus, Putanum (often affected by chorea) & fundus strati

Answer 10

striatum

Question 11

Why would you want to give a patient thiamin along with dextrose? In other words what are you trying to prevent with thiamin deficiency

Answer 11

Wernicke’s encephalopathy, inability to make new memories

Question 12

which part of the brain is most affected by Wernicke’s encephalopathy

Answer 12

hippocampus

Question 13

With the exception of smell, the Thalamus is a major relay center for:

Answer 13

All sensory input

Question 14

Name the two structures in the diencephalon

Answer 14

thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 15

which part of the brain deals primarily with emotions

Answer 15

amygdala

Question 16

what does the hypothalamus regulate

Answer 16

pain, temperature, fear, anger, thirst, hunger, pleasure, CONTROLS pituitary