Cell Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

3 ways activity of ACh are terminated at synapse naturally

A
  1. diffuse away from receptors 2. chemical degradation by ACh esterase 3. reabsorption back into presynaptic membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is responsible for the release of ACh into the synapse in a neuromuscular junction upon depolariziation of an action potential

A

Calclium channels open and allow the ion to flow into cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is responsible for making ACh within a cell?

A

the ER-Golgi complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List several mechanisms how we interfere with synaptic transmission

A
  1. block receptors 2. block reabsorption 3. esterase inhibitors 4. competition for receptor sites 5. deplete/exhaust stores
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is one example of a drug interrupting the reuptake of a neurotransmitter

A

An SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) such as Prozac act on interrupting synaptic transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an example of a ACh esterase inhibitor?

A

Malathion (pesticide), physostigmine, neostigmine also Pyridostigmine (useful in myasthenia gravis as it leaves ACh in cleft for longer compensating for the autoimmune disease that destroys own receptiors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How would a ACh esterase inhibitor (such as pyrdostigmine) actually help pts with myasthenia gravis?

A

It leaves ACh in cleft longer, allowing for compensation for the autoimmune disease that destroys receptor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an example of blocking the release of ACh

A

botulism toxin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are two examples of how a receptor site can be competed for

A

Succinylcholine-causes depolarization

Curare, vecuronion, atracurium-block depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an example of a chemical that mimics the action of ACh which are not degraded by their esterase

A

Nicotine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are two examples of IPSP (inhibitory post-synaptic potential

A

GABA and Glycine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the mechanism of the IPSP’s

A

hyperpolarize the cell by opening Cl- channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some causes of atrophy

A

decreased work load, use, nurtrition, blood supply, and nervous stimulation. Altered hormonal stimulation,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Can u give a few examples of physiologic atrophy

A

skin as we age, loss of estrogen due to menopause causes atrophy of endometrium, vaginal epithelium, and breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

can u give an example of pathologic atrophy

A

carpal tunnel syndrome, damage to median nerve at wrist causes shrink in muscles of the hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2 physiological examples of hypertrophy(increase in cell size)

A

pregnancy & uterine muscle

skeletal muscle from weight lifting

17
Q

an example of pathologic hypertrophy

A

cardiac

18
Q

define dysplasia & list example

A

abnormal change in size, shape, organization of mature cells. Rate as mild, moderate, or severe (often near cancer cells & often reversible) ex-barretts esophagitis (due to GERD)

19
Q

What is the mechanism of carpel tunnel syndrome on the nervous tissue

A

Demyelinates

20
Q

what would you use for numbing an area before suturing?

A

Lidocaine (diffuses through tissues and occupies Na+ channels so nerve CANT depolarize

21
Q

An example of metaplasia and define

A

cells are replaced, smokers columnar in trachea with squamous cells

22
Q

Define cell hypoxia and some results

A

inadequate O2 delivery. Cells swell, pH decreases, lysosomes burst, mitochondria swell
Impairment of plasma and organelles (ATP using pumps ,Na K, Ca, Cl, glucose transport