Neurology Flashcards
male infant presents with muscular jerks and an uncle who has the same problem
Infantile spasms- west syndrome
- generalized seizures @ 6 months of age
- jerks head, trunk and extremities,
- family history
Form of childhood onset seizures that are refractory to treatment
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
Treatment for MS
Glatiramer and beta interferon are first lin e
Fingolimod, Natalizumab, mitoxantrone, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide
Treatment of ALS
Riluzole- slows down destruction of motor neurons, prevents glutamate buildup in neurons
Genetic disorder with loss of both motor and sensory innervation leading to distal weakness and sensory loss, wasting of legs, decreaseds DTRS, tremor
Charcot marie tooth disease
Biker, pressure on palms of hands, trauma to medial side of elbow- presents with wasting of hypothenar eminence, pain in fourth and fifth fingers
Ulnar
Pressure of inner, upper arm, falling asleep with arm over back of chair, using crutches and pressure in the axilla- presents with wrist drop
Radial
Obesity, pregnancy, sitting with legs crossed- presents with pain/numbness of outer aspect of one thigh
Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
Worsens with walking- presents with pain/numbness in ankle and sole of foot
Tarsal Tunnel
High boots, pressure on back of knee- presents with weak foot with decreased dorsiflexion and eversion
Peroneal
Typsists, carpenters, working with hands- presents with thenar wasting, pain/numbness in first 3 fingers
Median
treatment for GBS
plasmapheresis and IVIG
Parkinsonism + orthostatic hypotension, impotence, incontinence,
Shy drager syndrome
Pure motor stroke
internal capsule
pure sensory stroke
thalamus
What type of drug is levodopa/carbidopa?
Dopamine precursor
What are side effects of levodopa/carbidopa?
Somnolence, confusion & hallucinations
dyskinesia
What kind of drug is trihexyphenidyl?
Anticholinergic
What kind of drugs are apomorphine, bromocriptine, pramipexole, and ropinirole
Dopamine agonist
What kind of drug is entacapone and tolcapone
COMT inhibitor
What kind of drug is selegiline?
MAO B inhibitor
What side effects can be seen with trihexyphenidyl and benztropine
Dry mouth blurred vision constipation nausea urinary retention
What kind of side effects can be seen with Dopamine agonists
Somnolence, hypotension, and confusion
hallucinations
What side effects can be seen with entacapone/ tolcapone
Dyskinesia, hallucinations, confusion, ausea, orthostatic hypotension
what side effects are seen with selegiline?
Insomnia & confusion
unilateral headache with a pulsatile quality, accompanied by vomiting and photophobia Treatment?
prochlorperazine +/- triptans and NSAIDS
How can amitriptyline be used in migraines?
antidepressant that be used for migraine prophylactic
Are DTR increased or decreased in diaetic polyneuropathy?
decreased
GBS are DTR increased or decreased>
decreassed
Within how many hours can you give TPA ?
3-4.5
presentation of stroke symptoms was 6 hrs ago, what is appropriate therapy?
aspirin
Difference between lewy body dementia and parkinson
see dementia early in lewey body compared to motor symptoms in parkinsons
side effect of metoclopromide
dopamine receptor antagonist
- increased peristalis, agitation, loose stools
- extrapyramidal symptoms- tardive dyskinesia, dystonic reactions, parkinsonism
Hemiplegic gait- spastic leg is extended and internally rotated. Walks by abducting and advancing spastic leg
corticospinal tract lesion
slow onset of movement follower by increasingly rapid short shuffling steps
basal ganglia
wide based erratic staggering gait
cerebellar
