GI Flashcards
Corkscrew shaped esophagus?
diffuse esophageal spasm
cervical outpouching through the circopharyngeus muscle?
zenkers diverticulum
MCC of esophageal cancer in US?
adenocarcinoma due to barretts
columnar metaplasia of the distal esophagus?
barrents
associated withwhat type of cancer- smoking, alcohol. dietary def. of beta carotene, vit B1, zinc, selenium, toxin producing fungi, hot food & beverages, pickled veg, nitrate rich food
squamous cell carcinoma
autoantibodies to parietal cells
type A chronic gastritis
h pylori infection in antrum
type B chronic gastritis
Triple therapy
amoxicillin, clarithromycin, omeprazole
Metronidazole can be substituted for amoxi
Therapy for MALT
triple therapy
Risk factors for intestinal type of gastric cancer
diet high in nitrites, salt, and low in fresh vegetables, h pylori, chronic gastritis
- metaplasia of gastric mucuosal cells
Biopsy findings of diffuse gastric cancer
signet cell
no risk factors
substitute for NSAIDS for PUD patients who require NSAIDS?
misoprostol
gastrin producing tumor in duodenum or pancreas
Zollinger ellison syndrome
What type of endocrine condition are gastrinomas associated with
MEN type 1
recurrent gnawing, burning abdominal pian, diarrhea, nasuea, vomitting, fatigue, weakness, weight loss, GI bleeding?
gastrinoma
causes of bloody diarrhea
salmonella, shigella. ecoli. campylobacter
agents causing diarrhea in HIV/AIDS
cryptosporidium and isospora
treatment for campylobacter diarrhea?
erythromycin
Grouped, papulovesicular pruritc skin lesions are what and associated with what disease
dermatitis herpetiformis associated with celiac disease
what type of test can be down to diagnose lactose intolerace
hydrogen breath test- increased after ingestion of lactose in intolerance
Carcinoid tumor can predispose a patient to what condition>
Pellegra- bc serotonin is made instead of niacin ( vit, B3)
lactic acidosis in SBO suggest what?
necrotic bowel
apple core deft on barium enema
colon carcinoma
indirect hernia is due to what
congenital patent processus vaginalis
- protrudes lateral to inferior epigasrics
progressive inflammation and fibrosis accompanied by strictures of extra and intrahepatic bile ducts?
primary sclerosing cholangitis
- see multiple bile duct strictures on MRCP
- associated with UC
treatment for primary scelrosing cholangitis?
high dose ursodiol
what liver condition is associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrom
non alcoholic fatty liver disease
disorder that has destruction of intrahepatic bileducts
primary billiary cirrhosis
- autoimmune disease that presents with jaundice and pruritus in middle aged women
- incraesed alk phos, bili cholesteral
- ama antibody
patient presents with abdominal pain, DM, hypogonadism, arthropathy of the MCP joints, heart failure, cirrhosis, bronze pigmentation , cardiac dyfuncition
hemachromatosis- autosomal recessive
lab findings in hemachromatosis
Increased serum iron, % saturation of iron, ferritin
decreased transferrin
transferrin sat>45%
Patient presents with hepatitis/ cirrhosis,ataxia, tremor, pscyhois,
wilsons
lab findings in wilsons
decreased serum ceruloplasmin
signs of pancreatic cancer
palpable nontender gall bladder
migratory thrombophebitis
Ransons criteria for acute pancreatitis on admission
GA LAW Glucose>200 Age>55 LDH>350 AST> 250 WBC>16,000
Rasons criteria for acute pancreatitis within 48 hrs
C HOBBS Ca10% PaO24 BUN increased by >5 Sequestered fluid >6
diarrhea, hypokalemia, leg cramps, mass in pancreas
VIPOMA
necrotizing dermatitis, weight loss, anemia, persistant hyperglycemia
glucanogoma
Treatment for PUD
PPIs + clarithromycin/ amoxicillin
treatment for PUD if unresponsive to PPIs + clarithromycin/ amoxicillin
PPIs + metronidazole/tetracycline
what agent can be added when abx are switched for PUD
bismuth
initial therapy for NUD
PPis
most accurate test for gastrinoma
secretin rsponse
test after gastrinoma is confrimed?
CT/ MRI first ( but poor sensitivity)
somatostatin receprto scinetigraphy with endoscopic us
most accurate diagnostic test for chornic pancretits?
secretin stimulation testing
treatment for IBS
1) fiber
2) antispasmodic- hyoscyamine, dicyclomine
3) tricyclic antidepressants
4) antimotility
5) lubiprostone `
what drugs are used to wean of steroids in IBD?
azathiorpine 6 mercaptopurine
treatment for diverticulitis?
cipro + metro
zosyn
amoxicillin/clavulanate
causes of acute pancreatitis
trauma
hypertriglyceridemia
hypercalcemia
worst prognostic factor for acute pancreatitis?
low calcium
treatment for PBC & PSC
ursodeoxycholic acid
Increased chance of infection with these organism if have hemochromatosis
vibrio vulnificus,
yersinia
listeria
treatment for hemochromatosis
phlebotomy
side effects of interferon
arthralgia, depression, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia
side effects of ribavirin
anemia
side effects of adefovir
renal dysfunction
antibody for autoimmune hepatitis
anti smooth muscle
most accurate test for wilsons
urine cooper excretion
long lasting diarrhe agents
cryptosporidium cyclospora, giardia
most significant environmental risk factor for pancreatic cancer
smoking
