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Neurology > Neurology 2 > Flashcards

Neurology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Separates Left and Right Cerebellar Hemisphere

A

Vermis

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2
Q

“Tree of Life”

A

Arbor Vitae

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3
Q

Deep Nuclei (medial to lateral)

A

Fastigial > Globose > Emboliform > Dendate

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4
Q

Deep Nuclei: Oval

A

Emboliform

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5
Q

Deep Nuclei: Round

A

Globose

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6
Q

Deep Nuclei: Largest

A

Dentate

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7
Q

Deep Nuclei: Situated at Vermis

A

Fastigial

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8
Q

Layers of Cerebellum

A

Molecular, Purkinje, Granular

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9
Q

Cell located OUTSIDE the molecular layer

A

Stellate Cell

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10
Q

The type of neuron located in the Purkinje layer

A

Golgi Type I neuron

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11
Q

Three general functions of the Cerebellum

A

Coordination, Balance, Tone

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12
Q

Cell located INSIDE the molecular layer

A

Basket Cell

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13
Q

Generalized muscle weakness

A

Asthenia

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14
Q

Difficulty in speaking

A

Dysarthria

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15
Q

Involuntary rhythmic oscillatory movement of the eye

A

Nystagmus

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16
Q

Abrupt movement after removing resistance

A

Rebound Phenomenon

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17
Q

Excessive head and neck movement

A

Titubation

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18
Q

Difficulty in judging distance

A

Dysmetria

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19
Q

Difficulty doing rapid alternating movements

A

Dysdiadochokinesia

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20
Q

Movement decomposition

A

Dysnergia

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21
Q

Lack of muscle control or coordination of voluntary movements

A

Ataxia

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22
Q

Type of dysarthria seen in cerebellar patients

A

Scanning speech

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23
Q

Type of nystagmus seen in cerebellar patients

A

Central Nystagmus

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24
Q

Type of nystagmus seen in patients with CN 8 affectation

A

Peripheral Nystagmus

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25
Q

Type of tremor seen in cerebellar patients

A

Intention Tremor

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26
Q

Description for Central Nystagmus

A

Pendular, Persists, Verticle

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27
Q

Description for Peripheral Nystagmus

A

Positional, Horizontal

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28
Q

Tone seen in cerebellar patients

A

Hypotonia

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29
Q

3 Anatomic Lobes of Cerebellum

A

Anterior, Flocculonodular, Posterior

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30
Q

Phylogenetic term of Anterior Lobe

A

Paleocerebellum

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31
Q

New name for Posterior Lobe

A

Cerebrocerebellar

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32
Q

Phylogenetic term of Flocculonodular Lobe

A

Archicerebellar

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33
Q

New name for Anterior Lobe

A

Spinocerebellar

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34
Q

Phylogenetic term of Posterior Lobe

A

Neocerebellar

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35
Q

New name for Flocculonodular Lobe

A

Vestibulocerebellar

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36
Q

Lobe for Balance and Equilibrium

A

Flocculonodular/Archicerebellum/Vestibulocerebellar

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37
Q

Lobe for Coordination

A

Posterior/Neocerebellum/Cerebrocerebellar

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38
Q

Lobe for muscle tone and posture

A

Anterior/Paleocerebellum/Spinocerebellum

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39
Q

Lobe: Nystagmus

A

Flocculonodular/Archicerebellum/Vestibulocerebellar

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40
Q

Lobe: Dyssynergia

A

Posterior/Neocerebellum/Cerebrocerebellar

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41
Q

Lobe: Hypotonia

A

Anterior/Paleocerebellum/Spinocerebellum

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42
Q

Lobe: Intention Tremor

A

Posterior/Neocerebellum/Cerebrocerebellar

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43
Q

Lobe: Titubation

A

Posterior/Neocerebellum/Cerebrocerebellar

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44
Q

Lobe: Trunk and Limb ataxia

A

Anterior/Paleocerebellum/Spinocerebellum

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45
Q

Lobe: Dysequilibrium

A

Flocculonodular/Archicerebellum/Vestibulocerebellar

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46
Q

Lobe: Dysdiadochokinesia

A

Posterior/Neocerebellum/Cerebrocerebellar

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47
Q

Lobe: Oldest

A

Flocculonodular/Archicerebellum/Vestibulocerebellar

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48
Q

Lobe: Newest and Largest

A

Posterior/Neocerebellum/Cerebrocerebellar

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49
Q

Type of nuclei found in Flocculonodular Lobe

A

None

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50
Q

Type of nuclei found in Anterior Lobe

A

Emboliform and Globose

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51
Q

Type of nuclei found in Posterior Lobe

A

Dentate

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52
Q

Other name for Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

A

Brachium Conjunctivum

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53
Q

Brainstem connection of Middle Cerebellar Peduncle

A

Pons

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54
Q

Other name for Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

A

Brachium Restiformis / Restiform Body

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55
Q

Brainstem connection of Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

A

Medulla

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56
Q

Other name for Middle Cerebellar Peduncle

A

Brachium Pontis

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57
Q

Brainstem connection of Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

A

Midbrain

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58
Q

Location of CN 1

A

Telencephalon

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59
Q

Location of CN 9, 10, 11, 12

A

Medulla

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60
Q

Cranial Nerves found in Pons

A

CN 5, 6, 7, 8

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61
Q

Cranial Nerves found in Midbrain

A

CN 3, 4

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62
Q

Location of CN 2

A

Diencephalon

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63
Q

Other name for the TECTUM of midbrain

A

Corpora Quadrigemina

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64
Q

3 parts of Midbrain

A

Anterior, Posterior and Lateral

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65
Q

Structures located in Posterior Midbrain

A

Superior and Inferior Colliculus

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66
Q

Structures located in Lateral Midbrain

A

Superior and Inferior Brachium

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67
Q

Composition of Lateral Geniculate Body

A

Superior Colliculus + Superior Brachium

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68
Q

Composition of Medial Geniculate Body

A

Inferior Colliculus + Inferior Colliculus

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69
Q

Midbrain and Thalamic structure for VISION

A

Superior Colliculus + Superior Brachium = Lateral Geniculate body

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70
Q

Midbrain and Thalamic structure for AUDITORY

A

Inferior Colliculus + Inferior Colliculus = Medial Geniculate Body

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71
Q

What are the structure Pons connects?

A

MO inferiorly + Midbrain superiorly & R-L cerebellar Hemisphere

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72
Q

Part of Pons: Secretes Serotonin

A

Raphne Nucleus

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73
Q

Part of Pons: Inhibits Inspiration

A

Pneumotaxic Center

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74
Q

Part of Pons: Secretes Norepinephrine

A

Locus Coeruleus

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75
Q

Location of Pnemotaxic Center

A

Upper Pons

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76
Q

Part of Pons: Stimulates Inspiration

A

Apneustic Center

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77
Q

Location of Apneustic Center

A

Lower Pons

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78
Q

Genu of facial nerve winding around abducent nucleus

A

Facial Trigone

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79
Q

7 responsibility of Medulla Oblongata

A

Respiration, Vomiting, Coughing, Sneezing, Blood Pressure Regulation, Vagal and Vasomotor Center

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80
Q

Part of MO: Sensation of touch, pressure, vibration in UE

A

Cuneate Nucleus

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81
Q

Part of MO: Cardioinhibitory

A

Nucleus Ambiguus

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82
Q

Part of MO: Largest and main site of communication

A

Olivary Nucleus

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83
Q

Part of MO: CN 7 & 9

A

Salivatory Nucleus

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84
Q

Part of MO: Respiratory / baroreceptor

A

Nucleus Solitarius

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85
Q

Part of MO: 9 & 10

A

Nucleus Ambiguus

86
Q

Part of MO: 7, 9, & 10

A

Nucleus Solitarius

87
Q

Part of MO: Sensation of touch, pressure, vibration in LE

A

Gracilis Nucleus

88
Q

Junction where Medulla Oblongata became a Spinal Cord

A

Foramen Magnum

89
Q

2 level of decussation in Medulla Oblongata

A

Pyramids (Lower 3rd: CTS) and Medial Lemnisci (Medial 3rd: Dorsal Column)

90
Q

Decussation of Pyramids

A

Motor

91
Q

Decussation of Medial lemnisci

A

Sensory

92
Q

Two enlargement of Spinal Cord

A

Cervical and Lumbar

93
Q

SC ends in what level in children?

A

L3

94
Q

“Horse’s tail”

A

Cauda Equina

95
Q

Prolongation of pia matter that is attached in coccyx`

A

Filum Terminale

96
Q

SC ends in what level in adult?

A

L1

97
Q

Cone-shaped tapered of SC where it tapers off at level of lower border of L1

A

Cons Medullaris

98
Q

Level of Filum Terminale

A

S2-3

99
Q

Length of Male Spinal Cord

A

48 cm

100
Q

Length of Female Spinal Cord

A

45 cm

101
Q

Law states that anterior spinal nerve roots contain only motor fiber and posterior roots contain only sensory fibers and the nerve impulses are conducted in only one direction in each case

A

Bell-Magendie Law

102
Q

VEMDAS

A

Ventral, efferent, Motor & Dorsal, Afferent Sensory

103
Q

Rexed Lamina I

A

Lissauer Tract

104
Q

Rexed Lamina: For epricritic sensations: stereognosis. conscious proprioception and kinesthesia

A

III-IV / Nucleus Proprius

105
Q

Rexed Lamina VII

A

Clarke’s / Dorsal Column

106
Q

Rexed Lamina: Situated at anterior horn cell

A

VIII-IX

107
Q

Rexed Lamina III, IV

A

Nucleus Proprius

108
Q

Rexed Lamina: Largest and receives unconcious proprioception

A

VII / Clarke’s Column

109
Q

Rexed Lamina: receives noxious stimulus

A

V-VI

110
Q

Rexed Lamina II

A

Substantia Gelatinosa

111
Q

Rexed Lamina: receives noxious stimulus in viscera

A

V

112
Q

Rexed Lamina X

A

Central Canal

113
Q

Rexed Lamina: Receives noxious and thermal stimuli

A

Lissauer’s Tract

114
Q

Rexed Lamina: High concentrations of substance P and opiate receptors

A

II / Substantia Gelatinosa

115
Q

Rexed Lamina: Remnant of Spinal Canal

A

X / Central Canal

116
Q

Rexed Lamina: receives noxious stimulus in skin

A

VI

117
Q

Rexed Lamina: Modulates motor activity (gamma)

A

VIII / Motor Neuron Pools

118
Q

Rexed Lamina: Contains alpha and gamma motor neurons

A

X / Anterior Horn Cell

119
Q

Meninges of the brain

A

Dura Mater. Arachnoid Mater and Pia Mater

120
Q

“Pachymenix”

A

Dura Mater

121
Q

“Leptomeninges”

A

Arachnoid and Pia Mater

122
Q

Most common post-traumatic cause of CP

A

Meningitis

123
Q

Produces CSF

A

Choroid Plexus

124
Q

Main Drainage of CSF

A

Arachnoid Villi

125
Q

3 functions of CSF

A

Protection, Nutrients, Regulates ICP

126
Q

Normal ICP

A

60-150 mmHg

127
Q

CSF FLOW

A

(1) Chroroid Plexus (2) 2 Lateral Ventricle (3)Foramen of Monroe (4) 3rd Ventricle (5) Cerebral Aqueduct (6) 4th Ventricle (7) Foramen of Lushka & Magendie (8) Spinal Canal (9) Subarachnoid Space (10) Arachnoid Villi

128
Q

Medial and Lateral Opening

A

Medial (1) = Magendie; Lateral (2) = Lushka

129
Q

What level does Subarachnoid Space ends?

A

S2-3

130
Q

ICP extends in what cranial nerve?

A

CN 2 = (+) Papilledema

131
Q

Branches of ICA

A

Ophthalmic, ACA, MCA, Post Communicating, Choroidal

132
Q

Branch of ICA: Terminal branch

A

ACA and MCA

133
Q

Branch of ICA: First Branch

A

Ophthalmic

134
Q

Branch of ICA: Connects anterior circulation to posterior circulation

A

Posterior Communicating

135
Q

Branch of ICA: Supplies lateral geniculate body, optic tract, internal capsule

A

Choroidal

136
Q

Branch of ICA: Largest

A

MCA

137
Q

Lesion of Ophthalmic Artery

A

Amaurosis Fugax (temporary blindess)

138
Q

Lesion of ACA

A

LE > UE & Face affectation

139
Q

Lesion of MCA

A

LE < UE & Face affectation

140
Q

5 Branches of Basilar Artery

A

AICA, Pontine, Labyrinthine, SCA, PCA

141
Q

Branch of Basilar Artery: Supplies superior cerebellum, pineal gland and pons

A

AICA

142
Q

Branch of Basilar Artery: Terminal Branch

A

PCA

143
Q

Branch of Basilar Artery: Supplies Inner Ear

A

Labyrinthine

144
Q

Branch of Basilar Artery: 1st branch

A

AICA

145
Q

Branch of Basilar Artery: Supplies Occipital Lobe

A

PCA

146
Q

Branch of Basilar Artery: Supply Pons

A

Pontine

147
Q

Lesion in PCA

A

Vision Problem

148
Q

6 Branches of Vertebral Artery

A

Meningeal, Posterior Spinal, Anterior Spinal, Medullary, Muscular, PICA

149
Q

Branch of Vertebral Artery: Largest

A

PICA

150
Q

Branch of Vertebral Artery: Supplies 1/3 of SC

A

Posterior Spinal Artery (2)

151
Q

Branch of Vertebral Artery: Supplies 2/3 of SC

A

Anterior Spinal Artery (1)

152
Q

Branch of Vertebral Artery: Supplies Vermis and Cerebellum

A

PICA

153
Q

Lesion in PICA

A

Horner’s Syndrome

154
Q

Horner’s Syndrome

A

I/L: Nystagmus + Sensory problem in the face & C/L: Body and Limb

155
Q

Blood supply from aorta in thoracic and upper lumbar levels

A

Radicular Artery of Adamkiewics

156
Q

Radicular Artery of Adamkiewics supplies what part of the SC

A

Lower 2/3 of SC

157
Q

Balint Syndrome

A

Optic Ataxia, Simultagnosia, Opthalmoplegia

158
Q

Inability to stand

A

Astasia

159
Q

Inability to walk

A

Abasia

160
Q

Two reflexes seen in ACA stroke patients

A

Palmomental and Gegenhalten Reflex

161
Q

Lack of will or initiative and can be seen as a disorder of diminished motivation

A

Abulia

162
Q

Lack the ability to move or speak

A

Akinetic Mutism

163
Q

Stroke: C/L hemiparesis and Hemianesthesia

A

MCA and ACA

164
Q

Stroke: Inhibited Neurogenic Bladder

A

ACA

165
Q

Stroke: UE & Face > LE

A

MCA

166
Q

Stroke: Visual Defect

A

PCA

167
Q

Stroke: Thalamic Pain Syndrome

A

PCA

168
Q

Stroke: Aphasia

A

MCA

169
Q

Stroke: Gegenhalten and Palmomental Reflex

A

ACA

170
Q

Stroke: Balint Syndrome

A

PCA

171
Q

Stroke: Astasia and Abasia

A

ACA

172
Q

Stroke: Anton

A

PCA

173
Q

Denial of Blindness

A

Anton

174
Q

Stroke: Pseudobulbar Effect

A

ACA

175
Q

Stroke: Apraxia

A

MCA

176
Q

Stroke: Abulia and Akinetic Mutism

A

ACA

177
Q

R or L PCA: Prosopognosia

A

Both

178
Q

R or L PCA: Difficulty in judging depth and distance

A

Right

179
Q

R or L PCA: Color Agnosia

A

PCA

180
Q

“Thalamic Pain Syndrome”

A

Dejerine Rousy

181
Q

Brainstem Stroke: CN III

A

Weber and Benedikt

182
Q

Area affected of Millard Gubler

A

Lateral Pons

183
Q

Area affected of Wallenberg Stroke

A

Lateral Medulla

184
Q

Brainstem Stroke: CN 6-7

A

Millard-Gubler

185
Q

Brainstem Stroke: Bilateral Basal Pons

A

Locked In Stroke

186
Q

Area affected of Benedikt Stroke

A

Tegmentum MB

187
Q

Brainstem Stroke: Medial Basal Midbrain

A

Weber

188
Q

Brainstem Stroke: CN 5, 10

A

Wallenberg

189
Q

Brainstem Stroke: CN ALL

A

Locked-in

190
Q

Relatively strong synergy patterns in LE

A

Extension

191
Q

Relatively strong synergy flexion LE

A

Hip Flexion

192
Q

UE Flexor Synergy

A

Scapular Retraction, Shoulder ABER, Elbow Flexion , FA Supination, Wrist and Fingers Flexion

193
Q

LE Extensor Synergy

A

Hip EXADIR, Knee Extension, Ankle PF, Foot Inversion, Toes Flex & Add

194
Q

Relatively strong synergy flexion UE

A

Elbow Flexion

195
Q

Relatively strong synergy patterns in UE

A

Flexion

196
Q

Spared Muscles in Synergy

A

FLATS EDEMA: Finger Extensors, Lats Dorsi, Ankle Evertors, Teres Major, Serratus Anterior

197
Q

Relatively strong synergy Extension UE

A

Shoulder ADIR and FA Pronation

198
Q

UE Extensor Synergy

A

Scapular Protraction, Shoulder ADIR, Elbow Extension, FA Pronation, Wrist and Fingers Flexion

199
Q

LE Flexor Synergy

A

Hip FABER, Knee Flexion, Ankle DF, Foot Inversion, Toes Ext & Abd

200
Q

Relatively strong synergy Extension LE

A

Knee Extension and Ankle PF

201
Q

Recovery Stage of Spasticity Range

A

1-7

202
Q

Recovery Stage of Spasticity I

A

Flaccidity

203
Q

Recovery Stage: Marked Spasticity

A

III

204
Q

Recovery Stage of Spasticity VII

A

Normal

205
Q

Recovery Stage: Waning of Spasticity

A

V

206
Q

Recovery Stage of Spasticity VI

A

Disappearance of Spasticity

207
Q

Declining of Spasticity

A

IV

208
Q

Recovery Stage of Spasticity II

A

Beginning of Spasticity

209
Q

Recovery Stage: (+) Gross Movements

A

IV

210
Q

Recovery Stage: (+) Complex Movements

A

V

211
Q

Recovery Stage: (+) Isolated Movements

A

VI

Neurology (14 decks)

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