Neurology

Question 1

what type of neurotransmitter is glutamate?

Answer 1

excitatory

Question 2

seizure is caused by _____ (neurotransmitter) and/or dysfunction of __ &___ receptors

Answer 2

excessive glutamate
dysfunction of the NMDA, AMPA receptors

Answer 3

SV2A receptors

Question 4

what type of neurotransmitter is GABA?

Answer 4

inhibitory

Question 5

GABA is recycled and broken down by ___

Answer 5

transaminase

Question 6

seizure is cause by disfunction of GABA receptor and causes decreased ___ influx
_____ deficiency disorder in pediatrics

Answer 6

Will not respond or open for GABA,
Decreased anions [Cl- ] influx,
Remains in a constant depolarization state and positive action potential firing in the axon…..
GABA – transaminase deficiency disorder in pediatrics [epilepsy, uncontrolled limb movement, hyperreflexia, hypotonia and hypersomnolence

Question 7

what’s the definition of a seizure

Answer 7

A seizure is a sudden, transient disruption in brain electrical function caused by abnormal excessive discharges of cortical neurons, resulting in the occurrence of clinical signs and/or symptoms

Question 8

Epilepsy (chronic seizure) definition

Answer 8

(1) at least two unprovoked (or reflex) seizures occurring more than 24 hours apart;

(2) one unprovoked (or reflex) seizure and a probability of further seizures similar to the general recurrence risk (at least 60%) after two unprovoked seizures, occurring over the next 10 years;

(3) diagnosis of an epilepsy syndrome [most genetic paediatric presentations] West syndrome, Lenox Gestalt Syndrome, Jr. Myoclonic epilepsy”

Question 9

causes of seizure (VITaMIN CDE)

Answer 9

vascular
infection
trauma
autoimmune
metabolic
idiopathic
neoplastic
congenital
drugs/dementia/demyelination
eclampsia
stress/stimulation/sleep deprived