neurology Flashcards
rapid onset severe unilateral headache
blood shot eyes
facial flushing
cluster headache
management of cluster headache
acute - sumatriptan
prophylaxis - verapamil
tight band around head
bilateral headache
non throbbing
tension headache
management of tension headache
analgesia
hot towel to local area
prolonged headache
nausea
decreased ability to function
sensitivity to light
aura - visual changes
migraine
management of migraine
NSAIDs
hydration
triptans
prophylaxis - propranolol, topiramate
can girls with migraine be given OCP
no
severe sudden onset thunderclap headache
decreased consciousness
vomiting
seizures
subarachnoid haemorrhage
investigations for subarachnoid haemorrhage
non contrast CT - star shaped lesion
lumbar puncture
trauma
headache
diminished eye response
confusion
LOC
personality change
subdural haematoma
investigation for subdural haematoma
non contrast CT - crosses suture lines, crescentic shape
head trauma
LOC but improves slowly
headache
lucid interval
comiting
bilateral limb weakness
extradural haemorrhage
investigation for extradural haemorrhage
non contrast CT - biconvex
facial pain, intense sharp unilateral
pain made worse by brushing teeth, eating cold and touch
trigeminal neuralgia
investigation for trigeminal neuralgia
clinical
management of trigeminal neuralgia
carbamezipine
differentials for parkinsons
parkinsons
drug induced parkinsons
lewy body dementia
if someone has reduced sensation and nerve problems what investigation can you do
nerve conduction studies
MND upper motor neuron
increased tone
hyper-reflexia
upward plantar
slowed movement
weak extensors in arm
MND lower motor neuron
muscle wasting
weakness
fasciculation
absent tendon reflex
management of MND
riluzole
women
loss of vision in one eye
sensory defects in limb, increase muscle tone
ataxia
nystagmus
multiple sclerosis
investigation for multiple sclerosis
MRI
CSF - oligoclonal bands
management of multiple sclerosis
acute - methylprednisolone
symptomatic:
physio
baclofen
gabapentin, amitriptyline
B- interferon (disease modifying)
unilateral onset
bradykinesia - slow movements
resting tremor
rigidity
postural instability
shuffling gait
constipation
parkinsons
investigation for parkinsons
clinical diagnosis
management of parkinsons
levodopa
symmetrical descending flaccid paralysis
blurred vision
diplopia
botulism
- give antidote
proximal muscle weakness gets better with movement, diplopia, ptosis, dry mouth
lambert eaton myasthenic syndrome
investigations for lambert eaton
nerve conduction studies
chest CT - small cell lung cancer
management of lambert eaton
amifampiridine
immunosuppressants
muscle fatigability worse with movement, improves with rest
facial weakness
myasthenia gravis
investigations for myasthenia gravis
serum AChR antibodies
pulmonary function test
CT chest - thymoma
management of myasthenia gravis
pyridostigime
immunosuppresion - prednisolone
thymectomy
abrupt onset
unilateral
complete facial weakness
sagging of mouth
drooping
bells palsy
management of bells palsy
within 72 hours - prednisolone
protect eyes use tape at night
infection prior
symmetrical ascending weakness
reduced reflexes
facial weakness
guillain barre
investigation for guillain barre
nerve conduction studies
CSF
LFT
CRP
what to give if prolonged seizure > 5 minutes
IV lorazepam
rectal diazepam
