GI Flashcards
progressive dysphagia, regurgitation, can get oesophageal spasms (chest pain)
achalasia
barium swallow - birds beak appearance
achalasia
management of achalasia
nifedipine
who gets oesophageal varices
those with portal hypertension, cirrhosis, jaundice, ascites
management of oesophageal varcies
propranolol
epigastric pain worse after eating, pain eases with antacids
gastric ulcer
epigastric pain relieved by eating, pain worse lying flat
duodenal ulcer
investigations for gastric and duodenal ulcers
H.pylori breath test
if red flag symptoms - endoscopy
what rash do you get with coeliac disease
dermatitis herpetiformis
what is a main cause for diverticular disease
low fibre diet
LIF pain, constipation, bloating
diverticulitis
management of diverticulitis
well balanced fibre diet
surgery - Hartmanns
pathology in crohns disease
skip lesions
total colitis - whole colon
fistulae
aphthoid ulceration
transmural
non-caseating lesion
goblet cells
diarrhoea with blood, colicky abdominal pain weight loss, lethargy, erythema nodosum, uveitis, RIF pain
crohns
can affect anywhere from mouth to anus
investigations for crohns
bloods - FBC, CRP, albumin
stool sample
colonoscopy with biopsy
CT/ ultrasound
management of crohns
- stop smoking
- glucocorticoids (for attacks)
- azathioprine
- anti TNF - infliximab
diarrhoea with blood, increased bowel frequency, incontinence, lower abdominal pain, starts in the rectum and moves proximally
ulcerative colitis
investigations for ulcerative colitis
bloods - CRP, pANCA +ve
stool sample
colonoscopy - polyps
Xray - thumbprinting
management of ulcerative colitis
- 5 ASA - sulphalazine
- corticosteroids
- immunosuppression - methotrexate
- anti TNF - infliximab
- surgery - currative
pain on defecating feels like broken glass
anal fissure
management of anal fissure
- diet - high fibre
- GTN cream
- diltiazem
- surgery
painless bright red bleeding on the tissue paper, perianal itch
haemorrhoids
have not looked at liver or gallbladder
