cardio

Question 1

angina symptoms

Answer 1

chest pain - provoked by exercise (stable)
epigastric discomfort

Question 2

investigations for angina

Answer 2

ECG
lipid profile
CT angiogram (gold)

Question 3

management of angina

Answer 3

1. lifestyle - diet, exercise, smoking cessation
   + antiplatelets
2. GTN spray - SE headaches
3. B blocker or CCB
4. long acting nitrates, nicorandil

Question 4

AAA symptoms

Answer 4

epigastric central pain
sudden onset if ruptures
LOC

Question 5

AAA investigations

Answer 5

aortic ultrasound
CT angiogram

Question 6

AAA management

Answer 6

surgery >5.5cm

Question 7

AF investigations

Answer 7

no p waves
irregularly irregular

Question 8

AF management

Answer 8

beta blocker - atenolol
CCB - diltiazem

unstable - DC cardioversion

+ anticoagulation

Question 9

ECG sawtooth pattern

Answer 9

atrial flutter

Question 10

broad complex tachycardia =

Answer 10

ventricular tachycardia

Question 11

pulseless VT mangement

Answer 11

shock

Question 12

stable VT management

Answer 12

amiodarone

Question 13

torsades de pointes (polymorphic VT) mangement

Answer 13

IV magnesium sulphate

Question 14

shapeless ECG

Answer 14

ventricular fibrillation

Question 15

management VF

Answer 15

shock

Question 16

ECG of SVT

Answer 16

narrow complex QRS

Question 17

management of SVT

Answer 17

valsalva manoeuvre
adenosine

Question 18

left sided heart failure symptoms

Answer 18

pulmonary oedema
pinky frothy sputum
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea

Question 19

right sided heart failure symptoms

Answer 19

peripheral oedema
ascites

Question 20

heart failure investigations

Answer 20

CXR - abcde
ECG
echo

Question 21

heart failure management

Answer 21

ABAL
ace i
B blocker
aldosterone antagonist (spironolactone)
Loop diuretic - furosemide

Question 22

acute heart failure management

Answer 22

LMNOP
- lasix - furosemide
- morphine
- nitrate
- oxygen
- positional - sit them up

Question 23

early diastolic murmur when patient sitting forward

Answer 23

aortic regurgitation

Question 24

ejection systolic murmur, crescendo decrescendo

Answer 24

aortic stenosis

Question 25

holosystolic murmur, blowing at apex

Answer 25

mitral regurgitation

Question 26

mid diastolic murmur, rumble at apex
malar flush

Answer 26

mitral stenosis

Question 27

chest pain relieved by sitting forward
pericardial rub

Answer 27

pericarditis

Question 28

saddle shape ECG

Answer 28

pericarditis

Question 29

management of pericarditis

Answer 29

NSAIDs