Neurology Flashcards
First line treatment of infantile spasms
Vigabatrin (in Canada)
ACTH (in USA)
Prednisolone (used at ACH)
Best treatment for infantile spasms in patient with tuberous sclerosis
Vigabatrin
Most important side effect of vigabatrin
Retinal toxicity
Investigations to consider for frequent sleepwalking and/or safety concerns
PSG
Ferritin
If safety/QOL concerns with sleepwalking in absence of underlying trigger, what treatment to consider
Benzo
Two types of breath holding spells and what investigation to consider
Cyanotic and pallor
Serum ferritin
CSF abnormality in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis
Lymphocytic pleocytosis
First line treatment for pituitary adenoma
Dopamine agonist
VPA side effects (x3)
Hepatoxicity
Thrombocytopenia
Pancreatitis
You must look for _____ in all presentations of opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. What investigation would you start with first?
Neuroblastoma
Abdo ultrasound
What gene mutation are you looking for in Rett Syndrome?
MECP2 gene mutation
Newborn with arm paralysis and Horner Syndrome
Total brachial plexus palsy
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - x2 important physical exam findings
+Gower’s sign
Calf pseudo-hypertrophy
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
a) age of onset
b) age of loss of ambulation
a) 2 years old
b) 12 years old
Difference between DMD and BMD from a pathophysiology perspective?
DMD - complete absence of dystrophin
BMD - inactivation and decreased production of dystrophin
Systemic manifestations of DMD?
CNS: Intellectual impairment CVS: Cardiomyopathy RESP: Impaired pulmonary function GI: Decreased gastric motility MSK: Fractures, progressive scoliosis
Classic GI infection leading to Guillain Barre Syndrome as well as the first line treatment
Campylobacter jejuni
IVIG
What medication can you give to patients with behavioural side effects secondary to Keppra?
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
Major risk factors for recurrence of febrile seizures
Age <1 years, fever duration <24 hours, fever 38-39deg
Erb’s Palsy - distribution
C5-C6 injury
Klumpke’s paralysis - distribution
C7-T1 injury
EEG finding for Benign Rolandic Epilepsy
Centrotemporal spikes
Causes of thunderclap headache
- Vascular: SAH, CVST, stroke, RCVS
- Structural: third ventricular colloid cyst, 3/4th ventricle tumour
- Infectious: meningitis, encephalitis
- Primary headache
What type of epilepsy would you think about in a child with febrile status epilepticus?
Dravet Syndrome