Neurological Patho Flashcards
What does the somatic nervous system responsible for?
Voluntary movement of skeletal muscles
What does the autonomic nervous system do?
Involuntary movement throughout the body
Maintaining homeostasis
contains the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
What is a Synapse
The gaps between nerve cells (neurons), as nerve cells do not touch
What is a Ganglion
Tissue structure that contains the synapse
What is a neurotransmitter
Chemicals that carry electrical signals through the synapses, connecting the neurons
What is acetylcholine
A cholinergic neurotransmitter
What is norepinephrine
A adrenergic neurotransmitter located in the postganglia of the sympathetic nervous system
What are sympathomimetic drugs?
Drugs that affect the sympathetic nervous system
Act by stimulating the adrenal medulla
Know as adrenergic drugs
What are parasympathomimetic drugs?
Drugs that affect the parasympathetic nervous system
Also known as cholinergic drugs
What does a cholinergic drug overdosed patient present like?
-Defecation
-Urination
-Meiosis
-Bronchospasm
-Emesis (vommiting)
-Lacrimation (crying, tearing up)
-Salvation
Cholinergics: Examples of a Cholinesterase
Insecticide
Herbicide
Nerve gas
Cholinergics: what is an Anticholinergic
Drug/substance that blocks acetylcholine
Cholinergics: Example of a Muscarinic
Atropine
(used as an antidote for cholinergic overdose)
Cholinergics: example of Ganglionic blockers / stimulators
Blocker: Benzohexonium
Stimulator: Nicotine
Results of stimulation of the parasympathetic Nervous System (5)
-Secretion from digestive glands
-Reduced HR and Cardiac Contractile force
-Bronchoconstriction
-Pupillary constriction
-Increased smooth muscle activity along digestive tract
Patho: Cancer
Neoplasm can take over blood supply and grow to surround or compress tissue and nerves
Patho: Degenerative causes
Natural conditons caused by aging
Autoimmune disorders cause body to attack its own cells
Patho: Development causes
Genetic differences that cause issues during growth
Patho: Vascular causes
Blockages or tears in arteries or veins, that may reduce oxygenated blood supply to the brain
What is Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
Increases pressure within the skull
Can cause ischemia or herniation of the brain
Brain can be pushed through the foramen magnum increasing pressure on medulla)
