Neurological Examination Flashcards
What is part of the CNS
Brain & Spinal Cord
What is part of the PNS
- Roots
- Plexus
- Nerves
- Neuromuscular Junction
- Muscle
What are the main examination elements?
Higher mental function
Cranial Nerves
Motor and sensory examination of the limbs (gait, stance, coordination etc.)
When can it be relevant to test Olfactory nerve clinically?
- Post-head injury or patients with sspected Parkinsons
What is tested in an Optic nerve test?
- Visual acuity
- Visual fields
- Pupillary reflexes (light & accommodation)
- Colour vision
- Fundoscopy
What to test for oculomotor, trochlear and abducens function?
Pursuit movements:
- Range
- Double vision
- Nystagmus
Saccadic movements
What to test for Trigeminal sense function?
- Sensation to face
- Motor: muscles of mastication
- Two reflexes (corneal reflex & jaw jerk)
What to test for vestibulocochlear function?
- hearing: screen hearing, tuning fork
- vestibular function: gait, nystagmus
What to test for Glossopharyngeal and Vagus nerve?
- Taste to back 1/3 tongue, pharyngeal sensation, gaga reflex
- Gag reflex, vocal cords
How to test accessory nerve?
Motor: Upper part of trapezius, sternocleidomastoideus
How to assess hypoglossus nerve?
motor supply to tongue: obeserve tongue (wasting & fasciculation)
tongue protrusion: devation to side of lesion
power and speed of movement
What to examine in the limbs: motor
- Observation
- Tone and clonus
- Reflexes
- Coordination
- Gait
What belongs to the upper motor neuron
Brain, Brainstem, Spinal Cord
What belongs to the lower motor neuron
Root, plexus, nerve
How many pairs of nerve roots are there?
31 pairs
