Neurological diseases Flashcards
Which of the following is the most appropriate nutrition recommendation for a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) who has difficulty maintaining weight?
A) Low-residue diet to prevent constipation
B) High-calorie, high-protein diet with easy-to-swallow foods
C) Gluten-free diet to reduce inflammation
D) Mediterranean diet to slow disease progression
B) High-calorie, high-protein diet with easy-to-swallow foods
A 78-year-old patient with Alzheimer’s disease is exhibiting sundowning, resulting in poor oral intake in the evening. Which of the following strategies would best address this issue?
A) Offer the largest meal at breakfast or lunch
B) Provide high-protein, high-calorie oral supplements at night
C) Encourage fluid intake after 6 PM
D) Schedule the largest meal after 6 PM to compensate for missed intake
A) Offer the largest meal at breakfast or lunch
For a patient with dysphagia post-stroke on a Level 2 (mechanically altered) diet, which of the following foods is most appropriate?
A) Thin rice soup
B) Mashed potatoes with gravy
C) Raw vegetable salad
D) Toasted bread with butter
B) Mashed potatoes with gravy
In a patient with Huntington’s disease experiencing involuntary movements and unintentional weight loss, the most appropriate nutrition strategy is:
A) Provide high-protein, high-calorie meals with frequent snacks
B) Initiate enteral feeding to prevent aspiration
C) Implement a ketogenic diet to slow disease progression
D) Restrict fat intake to manage dyslipidemia
A) Provide high-protein, high-calorie meals with frequent snacks
According to the Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations, when should a dysphagia screen be conducted after hospital admission for an acute stroke?
A) Within 24 hours
B) Within 48 hours
C) Within 72 hours
D) After 5 days if no improvement
A) Within 24 hours
63-year-old female admitted with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke
Difficulty swallowing and coughing after meals
Speech-language pathologist recommends a Level 3 (Dysphagia-Advanced) diet
Lab Values:
Albumin: 3.2 g/dL
Hemoglobin: 13.0 g/dL
BMI: 23.1 kg/m²
Question:
What is the most appropriate initial intervention for this patient?
A) Regular diet with thin liquids
B) Pureed diet with honey-thick liquids
C) Mechanically altered diet with nectar-thick liquids
D) Dysphagia diet with pudding-thick liquids
C) Mechanically altered diet with nectar-thick liquids
70-year-old male with moderate-stage dementia and progressive weight loss
Family reports that he forgets to eat and becomes agitated during mealtimes
BMI: 21.5 kg/m², albumin: 3.0 g/dL
Question:
Which of the following interventions would be most effective in improving oral intake?
A) Provide high-protein oral supplements between meals
B) Offer finger foods in a quiet, familiar environment
C) Initiate nasogastric feeding to prevent further weight loss
D) Schedule a larger meal at dinner time
B) Offer finger foods in a quiet, familiar environment
55-year-old male with multiple sclerosis, experiencing dysphagia and fatigue
BMI: 28 kg/m², with increased risk of aspiration
Reports feeling fatigued after consuming large meals
Question:
What is the best dietary strategy to meet his nutritional needs?
A) Provide small, frequent, nutrient-dense meals with modified consistency
B) Initiate parenteral nutrition due to aspiration risk
C) Increase fluid intake with meals to facilitate swallowing
D) Implement a ketogenic diet to slow disease progression
A) Provide small, frequent, nutrient-dense meals with modified consistency
67-year-old male with Parkinson’s disease experiencing constipation and weight loss
Currently on levodopa therapy
Reports difficulty swallowing and decreased appetite
Question:
Which of the following interventions is most appropriate to address his nutritional concerns?
A) Increase dietary fiber and fluids while separating protein intake from medication
B) Provide high-fat, low-fiber meals to minimize constipation
C) Initiate enteral feeding to prevent further weight loss
D) Encourage high-protein meals immediately before medication administration
A) Increase dietary fiber and fluids while separating protein intake from medication
74-year-old female with immobility due to a spinal cord injury
At high risk for pressure ulcers and constipation
BMI: 26 kg/m², albumin: 3.8 g/dL
Question:
What is the most appropriate nutrition recommendation for this patient?
A) Low-protein, low-calorie diet to prevent obesity
B) High-protein, high-calorie diet with adequate hydration
C) Fiber-restricted diet to prevent bowel obstruction
D) Low-fat diet to minimize inflammation
B) High-protein, high-calorie diet with adequate hydration
- Which of the following is the most appropriate nutrition intervention for a patient with moderate dysphagia and risk of aspiration?
A) Regular diet with thin liquids
B) Pureed diet with honey-thick liquids
C) Low-sodium diet with clear liquids
D) Soft diet with nectar-thick liquids
B) Pureed diet with honey-thick liquids
In patients with Parkinson’s disease, which of the following dietary modifications is recommended to prevent interference with levodopa absorption?
A) Increase dietary fiber to delay gastric emptying
B) Separate high-protein meals from medication administration
C) Reduce fat intake to enhance drug absorption
D) Increase calcium intake to minimize side effects
B) Separate high-protein meals from medication administration
A patient with Alzheimer’s disease is experiencing significant weight loss due to poor intake. What is the best initial nutrition intervention?
A) Implement a nasogastric feeding tube
B) Initiate small, frequent, nutrient-dense meals
C) Prescribe appetite stimulants
D) Provide high-protein oral supplements only
B) Initiate small, frequent, nutrient-dense meals
Which of the following conditions is most likely to result in neurogenic dysphagia due to impaired swallowing reflex?
A) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
B) Myasthenia gravis
C) Type 2 diabetes mellitus
D) Celiac disease
B) Myasthenia gravis
In a patient with immobility and high risk of pressure ulcers, what is the most important nutritional strategy?
A) Increase fiber intake to promote bowel regularity
B) Provide high-protein, high-calorie diet with adequate fluids
C) Reduce fluid intake to minimize edema
D) Administer fat-soluble vitamins to enhance healing
B) Provide high-protein, high-calorie diet with adequate fluids
72-year-old male admitted after a stroke (CVA) affecting the left hemisphere
Right-sided hemiparesis, dysphagia with delayed pharyngeal transit, and aspiration risk
BMI: 24.5 kg/m², stable weight
Lab Values:
Serum albumin: 3.0 g/dL
Hemoglobin: 12.5 g/dL
Question:
What is the most appropriate initial nutrition intervention for this patient?
A) Regular diet with thin liquids
B) Mechanically altered diet with honey-thick liquids
C) Parenteral nutrition for 7-10 days
D) Pureed diet with spoon-thick liquids
B) Mechanically altered diet with honey-thick liquids
68-year-old female with advanced Parkinson’s disease
Difficulty swallowing, weight loss of 5% in 1 month, and decreased appetite
Currently on levodopa-carbidopa therapy
Question:
To improve the patient’s nutritional status and medication effectiveness, what is the best course of action?
A) Increase protein intake at breakfast and lunch to enhance muscle strength
B) Schedule high-protein meals 1-2 hours after medication administration
C) Provide a ketogenic diet to minimize disease progression
D) Administer enteral feeding immediately due to weight loss
B) Schedule high-protein meals 1-2 hours after medication administration
75-year-old male with moderate dementia, unable to recognize hunger cues
Family reports difficulty getting him to eat and increased agitation during meals
BMI: 22 kg/m², mild malnutrition
Question:
What is the most appropriate nutrition intervention?
A) Offer high-protein oral supplements only
B) Provide small, nutrient-dense meals in a calm environment
C) Initiate nasogastric feeding due to cognitive decline
D) Restrict fluid intake to prevent aspiration
B) Provide small, nutrient-dense meals in a calm environment
60-year-old male with multiple sclerosis and limited mobility
BMI: 28 kg/m², occasional pressure ulcers
Reports low intake due to fatigue and depression
Question:
What is the most effective intervention to prevent further complications?
A) Increase fiber intake to prevent constipation
B) Provide a high-protein, high-calorie diet with adequate fluids
C) Initiate a ketogenic diet to reduce inflammation
D) Supplement with calcium and vitamin D to prevent fractures
B) Provide a high-protein, high-calorie diet with adequate fluids
