Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) Flashcards
- Which of the following is a primary dietary strategy for managing hyperlipidemia?
a) Increasing saturated fat intake
b) Increasing fiber intake and reducing trans fats
c) Eliminating all dietary cholesterol
d) Following a high-protein, low-carb diet
b) Increasing fiber intake and reducing trans fats
Which lipoprotein is considered “good” cholesterol and is protective against cardiovascular disease?
a) LDL
b) HDL
c) VLDL
d) Triglycerides
b) HDL
Atherosclerosis is primarily caused by which of the following?
a) Low blood pressure
b) High levels of LDL cholesterol and inflammation
c) Excessive hydration
d) Low carbohydrate intake
b) High levels of LDL cholesterol and inflammation
Which dietary pattern is most effective in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease?
a) Western diet (high in processed foods)
b) Mediterranean diet (rich in olive oil, nuts, and fish)
c) Carnivore diet
d) High-protein ketogenic diet
b) Mediterranean diet (rich in olive oil, nuts, and fish)
Which of the following is a risk factor for hypertension?
a) Low sodium intake
b) Regular physical activity
c) High sodium and low potassium intake
d) High fiber intake
c) High sodium and low potassium intake
Which of the following lifestyle modifications is recommended for managing hypertension?
a) Reducing sodium intake and increasing potassium intake
b) Increasing saturated fat consumption
c) Avoiding all fruits and vegetables
d) Drinking more than three alcoholic beverages per day
a) Reducing sodium intake and increasing potassium intake
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of coronary artery disease?
a) Chest pain (angina)
b) Shortness of breath
c) Increased energy levels
d) Fatigue
c) Increased energy levels
Which of the following lipid profile results is most concerning for cardiovascular disease risk?
a) LDL 80 mg/dL, HDL 60 mg/dL
b) LDL 190 mg/dL, HDL 30 mg/dL
c) Triglycerides 120 mg/dL, HDL 50 mg/dL
d) Total cholesterol 180 mg/dL, LDL 90 mg/dL
LDL 190 mg/dL, HDL 30 mg/dL
Which dietary intervention is most effective in reducing hypertension?
a) Increasing saturated fat intake
b) Following a high-protein diet
c) Reducing sodium and increasing potassium intake
d) Avoiding all carbohydrates
c) Reducing sodium and increasing potassium intake
Case:
A 60-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity visits a dietitian for counseling. Her total cholesterol is 250 mg/dL, LDL 170 mg/dL, HDL 35 mg/dL, and triglycerides 200 mg/dL. She follows a diet high in processed foods, red meat, and fried foods. She does not engage in regular physical activity.
What is the most appropriate dietary recommendation for her condition?
a) High-protein, low-carb diet
b) Mediterranean diet with an emphasis on plant-based foods
c) Increasing red meat intake for iron
d) Eliminating all dietary fats
Mediterranean diet with an emphasis on plant-based foods
Case:
A 60-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity visits a dietitian for counseling. Her total cholesterol is 250 mg/dL, LDL 170 mg/dL, HDL 35 mg/dL, and triglycerides 200 mg/dL. She follows a diet high in processed foods, red meat, and fried foods. She does not engage in regular physical activity.
Which of the following nutrients should she increase to help manage her cardiovascular risk?
a) Trans fats
b) Soluble fiber
c) Processed carbohydrates
d) Saturated fat
b) Soluble fiber
Which of the following dietary patterns is most effective for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease?
a) High-protein, ketogenic diet
b) Mediterranean diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats
c) High-sodium diet with low water intake
d) Low-fat, high-refined carbohydrate diet
Mediterranean diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats
Which lipid profile change is most desirable to reduce cardiovascular risk?
a) Increased LDL and decreased HDL
b) Increased total cholesterol and increased triglycerides
c) Decreased LDL and increased HDL
d) Increased LDL and increased triglycerides
c) Decreased LDL and increased HDL
Which mineral plays a significant role in blood pressure regulation?
a) Calcium
b) Sodium
c) Potassium
d) Iron
c) Potassium
Which dietary recommendation is most appropriate for a patient with cardiovascular disease?
a) High saturated fat intake to increase energy levels
b) A diet high in sodium to maintain blood pressure
c) Emphasis on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats
d) Eliminating carbohydrates completely
Emphasis on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats
Which dietary pattern is most effective in lowering blood pressure?
a) High-protein, low-fat diet
b) DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet
c) High-carbohydrate, low-protein diet
d) Ketogenic diet
DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet
