Gastrointestinal Flashcards
Which of the following strategies is recommended for managing dysphagia in patients, according to Canadian guidelines?
a) Encourage thin liquid intake with no modifications
b) Prescribe a texture-modified diet with thickened liquids
c) Avoid all forms of oral feeding and immediately start total parenteral nutrition
d) Administer dry and solid foods without accompanying liquids
b) Prescribe a texture-modified diet with thickened liquids
What is the primary nutritional concern in patients with dysphagia?
a) Hypervitaminosis
b) Dehydration and malnutrition
c) Excessive weight gain
d) Hypoglycemia
b) Dehydration and malnutrition
Which nutritional supplement is often required in Crohn’s disease due to malabsorption?
a) Vitamin C
b) Iron
c) Vitamin K
d) Sodium
b) Iron
Which protein must be strictly avoided in individuals with celiac disease?
a) Casein
b) Gluten
c) Albumin
d) Collagen
b) Gluten
What is the initial dietary recommendation for a patient with acute pancreatitis?
a) High-fat diet
b) Fasting with intravenous fluid support
c) High-protein diet
d) Immediate oral feeding with regular meals
b) Fasting with intravenous fluid support
Which of the following is a common dietary recommendation to relieve constipation?
a) Reduce fluid intake
b) Increase fiber and fluid intake
c) Avoid fruits and vegetables
d) Consume a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet
b) Increase fiber and fluid intake
Which type of fiber is most effective in promoting bowel regularity?
a) Insoluble fiber
b) Soluble fiber
c) Protein
d) Fat
a) Insoluble fiber
Which food group is high in FODMAPs and can exacerbate symptoms in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
a) Low-fructose fruits
b) Legumes such as beans and lentils
c) Lean meats
d) Vegetable oils
b) Legumes such as beans and lentils
What is the primary goal of a low-FODMAP diet?
a) Promote rapid weight loss
b) Reduce gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating and gas
c) Increase fiber intake
d) Treat celiac disease
b) Reduce gastrointestinal symptoms such as bloating and gas
An 82-year-old patient recently suffered a stroke and now has difficulty swallowing, coughs during meals, and has experienced significant weight loss in the past few weeks.
What would be the most appropriate nutritional intervention for this patient?
a) Start a regular diet with no modifications
b) Prescribe a texture-modified diet and consult a speech-language pathologist
c) Provide only clear liquids
d) Immediately initiate total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
b) Prescribe a texture-modified diet and consult a speech-language pathologist
An 82-year-old patient recently suffered a stroke and now has difficulty swallowing, coughs during meals, and has experienced significant weight loss in the past few weeks.
What is a potential risk if dysphagia is not properly managed?
a) Hypertension
b) Aspiration and pneumonia
c) Hyperglycemia
d) Kidney failure
b) Aspiration and pneumonia
A 25-year-old male diagnosed with Crohn’s disease presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and unintentional weight loss over the past two months. His diet has been inconsistent, and he reports frequent nausea and bloating.
- What dietary recommendation is most appropriate for this patient during an active flare-up?
a) High-fiber diet
b) Low-residue or elemental diet
c) Gluten-free diet
d) Keto diet
b) Low-residue or elemental diet
Which type of liquid is safest for patients with moderate dysphagia?
a) Thin liquids
b) Nectar-thick liquids
c) Carbonated beverages
d) Whole milk
b) Nectar-thick liquids
What is the recommended method to assess swallowing function in a patient with suspected dysphagia?
a) Barium swallow study
b) Abdominal ultrasound
c) Endoscopy
d) CT scan
a) Barium swallow study
Which of the following is a hallmark sign of dysphagia?
a) Frequent urination
b) Coughing during or after meals
c) Abdominal bloating
d) Sudden changes in blood glucose levels
b) Coughing during or after meals
Which vitamin is commonly deficient in Crohn’s disease due to terminal ileum involvement?
a) Vitamin D
b) Vitamin B12
c) Vitamin C
d) Vitamin K
b) Vitamin B12
During remission, what dietary approach is recommended for patients with Crohn’s disease?
a) High-residue diet
b) Mediterranean diet with adequate fiber
c) Ketogenic diet
d) Liquid-only diet
b) Mediterranean diet with adequate fiber
Which type of diet is typically recommended during a Crohn’s disease flare-up?
a) Low-residue, low-fiber diet
b) High-protein, high-fiber diet
c) Gluten-free diet
d) High-fat, low-carb diet
a) Low-residue, low-fiber diet
Which of the following foods is safe for a patient with celiac disease?
a) Rye bread
b) Barley soup
c) Rice and quinoa
d) Wheat pasta
c) Rice and quinoa
What is the primary pathophysiological response to gluten ingestion in celiac disease?
a) Increased insulin production
b) Autoimmune-mediated damage to the intestinal villi
c) Excess bile acid secretion
d) Overproduction of stomach acid
b) Autoimmune-mediated damage to the intestinal villi
Which lab marker is most commonly used to diagnose celiac disease?
a) Anti-TTG (tissue transglutaminase) antibodies
b) Hemoglobin levels
c) C-reactive protein
d) Albumin levels
a) Anti-TTG (tissue transglutaminase) antibodies
Which dietary recommendation is appropriate during the acute phase of pancreatitis?
a) NPO (nothing by mouth) with IV fluids
b) High-fat, high-protein diet
c) Low-residue diet
d) Full liquid diet
a) NPO (nothing by mouth) with IV fluids
In chronic pancreatitis, what is the most common cause of malabsorption?
a) Low bile acid production
b) Pancreatic enzyme insufficiency
c) Small bowel obstruction
d) Excessive fiber intake
b) Pancreatic enzyme insufficiency
Which fat-soluble vitamin deficiency is most likely in chronic pancreatitis?
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin D
c) Vitamin E
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Which of the following is a recommended dietary intervention for chronic constipation?
a) Low-fiber diet
b) Increase soluble and insoluble fiber intake
c) High-protein, low-carbohydrate diet
d) Elimination of dairy products
b) Increase soluble and insoluble fiber intake
Which of the following foods is a good source of insoluble fiber?
a) Oatmeal
b) Applesauce
c) Brown rice
d) Avocado
c) Brown rice
What is a common nutritional complication associated with chronic diarrhea?
a) Hyperkalemia
b) Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
c) Hyperglycemia
d) Vitamin B12 toxicity
b) Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
Which of the following is most effective in replenishing fluids and electrolytes in a patient with severe diarrhea?
a) Clear apple juice
b) Oral rehydration solutions (ORS)
c) High-fiber vegetable soup
d) Carbonated soft drinks
b) Oral rehydration solutions (ORS)
Which group of foods is considered high in FODMAPs and should be avoided to manage IBS symptoms?
a) Bananas, spinach, carrots
b) Onions, garlic, and legumes
c) Chicken, fish, and eggs
d) Almonds, walnuts, and chia seeds
b) Onions, garlic, and legumes
What is the primary phase of a low-FODMAP diet?
a) Elimination phase
b) Maintenance phase
c) Reintroduction phase
d) High-protein phase
a) Elimination phase
Which type of fiber is better tolerated by patients following a low-FODMAP diet?
a) Soluble fiber
b) Insoluble fiber
c) Resistant starch
d) Gluten-containing fiber
a) Soluble fiber
A 25-year-old male diagnosed with Crohn’s disease presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and unintentional weight loss over the past two months. His diet has been inconsistent, and he reports frequent nausea and bloating.
Which of the following nutrients is most commonly deficient in patients with Crohn’s disease?
a) Vitamin C
b) Iron
c) Sodium
d) Omega-3 fatty acids
b) Iron
Mrs. Taylor, a 78-year-old female, was admitted to the hospital after a stroke. She is experiencing coughing and choking during meals and has had recurrent episodes of pneumonia. A swallowing assessment confirms oropharyngeal dysphagia.
Which of the following diets is most appropriate for Mrs. Taylor?
a) Regular diet with thin liquids
b) Pureed diet with nectar-thick liquids
c) Mechanical soft diet with thin liquids
d) Clear liquid diet with carbonated beverages
b) Pureed diet with nectar-thick liquids
Mrs. Taylor, a 78-year-old female, was admitted to the hospital after a stroke. She is experiencing coughing and choking during meals and has had recurrent episodes of pneumonia. A swallowing assessment confirms oropharyngeal dysphagia.
Which technique can help reduce aspiration risk in patients with dysphagia?
a) Drinking large sips quickly
b) Encouraging chin tuck during swallowing
c) Avoiding oral hygiene after meals
d) Consuming large-volume meals
b) Encouraging chin tuck during swallowing
Mrs. Taylor, a 78-year-old female, was admitted to the hospital after a stroke. She is experiencing coughing and choking during meals and has had recurrent episodes of pneumonia. A swallowing assessment confirms oropharyngeal dysphagia.
What is the best method to ensure adequate hydration for Mrs. Taylor?
a) Encourage thin liquids throughout the day
b) Provide thickened liquids at regular intervals
c) Increase intake of fruits and vegetables
d) Administer IV fluids only
b) Provide thickened liquids at regular intervals
Michael, a 34-year-old male, has been diagnosed with Crohn’s disease affecting the terminal ileum. He presents with weight loss, diarrhea, and fatigue. He is currently experiencing a moderate flare-up.
Which nutritional deficiency is most likely in Michael due to terminal ileum involvement?
a) Iron deficiency
b) Vitamin D deficiency
c) Vitamin B12 deficiency
d) Vitamin A deficiency
c) Vitamin B12 deficiency
Michael, a 34-year-old male, has been diagnosed with Crohn’s disease affecting the terminal ileum. He presents with weight loss, diarrhea, and fatigue. He is currently experiencing a moderate flare-up.
During an acute flare-up, which diet is recommended for Michael?
a) High-residue diet
b) Low-fiber, low-residue diet
c) Gluten-free diet
d) Mediterranean diet
b) Low-fiber, low-residue diet
Michael, a 34-year-old male, has been diagnosed with Crohn’s disease affecting the terminal ileum. He presents with weight loss, diarrhea, and fatigue. He is currently experiencing a moderate flare-up.
Which supplement should be routinely monitored in patients with Crohn’s disease?
a) Calcium and vitamin D
b) Vitamin K and folate
c) Magnesium and zinc
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Emma, a 25-year-old female, has been recently diagnosed with celiac disease. She complains of persistent bloating, diarrhea, and fatigue despite avoiding gluten.
Which lab marker is most commonly used to monitor adherence to a gluten-free diet?
a) Hemoglobin levels
b) Anti-tTG antibodies
c) C-reactive protein
d) Albumin levels
b) Anti-tTG antibodies
Emma, a 25-year-old female, has been recently diagnosed with celiac disease. She complains of persistent bloating, diarrhea, and fatigue despite avoiding gluten.
Which of the following foods is safe for Emma to consume?
a) Whole wheat pasta
b) Barley soup
c) Quinoa and rice
d) Rye bread
c) Quinoa and rice
Emma, a 25-year-old female, has been recently diagnosed with celiac disease. She complains of persistent bloating, diarrhea, and fatigue despite avoiding gluten.
If symptoms persist despite a strict gluten-free diet, which condition should be investigated?
a) Lactose intolerance
b) Pancreatitis
c) Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
d) Diverticulitis
a) Lactose intolerance
John, a 45-year-old male with a history of chronic alcohol use, was admitted to the hospital with acute pancreatitis. He is currently NPO and receiving IV fluids.
After the acute phase, which type of diet is recommended for John?
a) High-fat diet to promote weight gain
b) Low-fat, high-protein diet
c) Gluten-free diet
d) Ketogenic diet
b) Low-fat, high-protein diet
John, a 45-year-old male with a history of chronic alcohol use, was admitted to the hospital with acute pancreatitis. He is currently NPO and receiving IV fluids.
In chronic pancreatitis, which enzyme replacement therapy is commonly prescribed?
a) Lactase supplements
b) Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT)
c) Pepsin supplements
d) Probiotics
b) Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT)
Lisa, a 60-year-old woman, complains of chronic constipation and occasional bloating. She has been following a low-fiber diet and drinks minimal fluids throughout the day.
Which dietary modification should be recommended for Lisa?
a) Increase soluble and insoluble fiber intake gradually
b) Switch to a high-protein, low-carb diet
c) Eliminate dairy products completely
d) Reduce fiber intake to prevent bloating
a) Increase soluble and insoluble fiber intake gradually
Lisa, a 60-year-old woman, complains of chronic constipation and occasional bloating. She has been following a low-fiber diet and drinks minimal fluids throughout the day.
Which of the following foods is high in insoluble fiber?
a) Oatmeal
b) Applesauce
c) Brown rice
d) Yogurt
c) Brown rice
David, a 40-year-old male, presents with chronic diarrhea and unintentional weight loss. His stool analysis shows fat malabsorption.
Which is the most likely cause of David’s symptoms?
a) Lactose intolerance
b) Celiac disease
c) Pancreatic insufficiency
d) Ulcerative colitis
c) Pancreatic insufficiency
David, a 40-year-old male, presents with chronic diarrhea and unintentional weight loss. His stool analysis shows fat malabsorption.
Which of the following is most effective in managing dehydration caused by diarrhea?
a) Clear apple juice
b) Oral rehydration solutions (ORS)
c) High-protein supplements
d) Carbonated beverages
b) Oral rehydration solutions (ORS)
Sara, a 32-year-old woman, was recently diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). She experiences bloating and abdominal discomfort after consuming certain foods.
Which of the following foods is high in FODMAPs and should be avoided?
a) Spinach and bananas
b) Onions, garlic, and legumes
c) Chicken and eggs
d) Rice and quinoa
b) Onions, garlic, and legumes
Sara, a 32-year-old woman, was recently diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). She experiences bloating and abdominal discomfort after consuming certain foods.
What is the first phase of the low-FODMAP diet?
a) Elimination phase
b) Maintenance phase
c) Reintroduction phase
d) High-fiber phase
a) Elimination phase
Sara, a 32-year-old woman, was recently diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). She experiences bloating and abdominal discomfort after consuming certain foods.
Which type of fiber is better tolerated by patients on a low-FODMAP diet?
a) Soluble fiber
b) Insoluble fiber
c) Resistant starch
d) Gluten-containing fiber
a) Soluble fiber
Sara, a 32-year-old woman, was recently diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). She experiences bloating and abdominal discomfort after consuming certain foods.
Which type of fiber is better tolerated by patients on a low-FODMAP diet?
a) Soluble fiber
b) Insoluble fiber
c) Resistant starch
d) Gluten-containing fiber
a) Soluble fiber
John, a 45-year-old male with a history of chronic alcohol use, was admitted to the hospital with acute pancreatitis. He is currently NPO and receiving IV fluids.
What is the initial nutrition intervention for John?
a) High-fat, high-protein diet
b) Full liquid diet
c) NPO with IV fluids
d) Low-fiber diet
c) NPO with IV fluids
Which electrolyte is most critical to monitor in patients with prolonged diarrhea?
a) Calcium
b) Potassium
c) Iron
d) Magnesium
b) Potassium
