Neurological Flashcards
What is the main function of the frontal lobe
Personality, behavior, emotions, intellect
includes broca area for motor speech
Main function of the parietal lobe
Sensation
Main function of the occipital lobe
Visual reception center
Main function of the temporal lobe
Auditory reception center plus hearing, taste and smell.
Includes wernickes area for language comprehension
What is the basal ganglia
Initiates and coordinates movements
What is the thalamus
Relay station for sensory pathways
What does the hypothalamus do?
Regulates function such as breathing, temperature and appetite
What does the cerebellum do?
Coordinates and smooths movement, balance, muscle tone
What does the brain stem do?
Core of the brain includes autonomic centers for respiration, heart, GI function
What is cranial nerve 1
Olfactory
For smell
On
Some
What is cranial nerve 2
Optic
Vision
Old
Say
What is cranial nerve 3
Oculomotor
Eye movement
Olympus
Marry
What is cranial nerve 4
Trochlear
Eye movement
Towering
Marry
What is cranial nerve 5
Trigeminal
Chewing, face sensation, movement of jaw
Tops
But
What is cranial nerve 6
Abducens
Eye movement
A
My
What is cranial nerve 7
Facial
Facial expressions (face movements)
Taste (2/3 of tongue)
Finn
Brother
What is cranial nerve 8
Acoustic
Hearing, balance
And
Says
What is cranial nerve 9
Glossopharyngeal
Speaking, swallowing, taste in back of tongue (1/3)
German
Big
What is cranial nerve 10
Vagus
Speaking, swallowing, cough, gag reflex
Viewed
Brains
What is cranial nerve 11
Spinal
Movement of head and shoulders (lift)
Some
Matter
What is cranial nerve 12
Hypoglossal
Tongue movement
Hops
More
What are dermatomes
Area of skin that is innervated mainly by a particular spinal nerve
Dermatome for thumb
C6
Dermatome for axilla
T1
Dermatome for nipple
T4
Dermatome for umbilicus
T10
Dermatome for groin
L1
Dermatome for knee
L4
Signs of a stroke
BE FAST
Balance
Eyes
Face
Arms
Speech
Time
Explain BE FAST
B- sudden loss of balance
E- sudden loss of vision in one or both eyes
F- does the face look uneven?
A- does one arm drift down? Ask person to raise both arms
S- does speech sound strange, ask them to repeat a phrase
T- how long has it been? Dial 911!
What is spastic hemiparesis
Arm is immobile against the body, with flexion of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and fingers and adduction of the other shoulder
Leg is stiff and extended and circumducts with each step (drags toe in a semi circle)
What is parkinsonian
Posture is stooped, trunk is pitched forward, elbows hips and knees are flexed. Steps are short and shuffling.
What is scissors gait?
Knees cross or are in contact, like holding an orange between the thighs, the person uses short steps, and walking requires effort
What is stepping or foot drop?
Slapping quality- looks as if walking upstairs and finding no stair there. Lifts knees and foot high and slaps it down hard and flat to compensate for foot drop.
What is cerebellar ataxia
Staggering, wide based gait, difficulty with turns, uncoordinated movement with positive Romberg sign
What can cause muscle atrophy
Disuse
Injury (to nerve or muscle)
Lower motor neuron disease like polio or diabetic neuropathy
Abnormal findings for muscle strength
Paresis- weakness
Paralysis- absence of strength
What are some abnormalities for muscle tone
Flaccidity (hypotonia) - can indicate lower motor neuron (LMN) problem
Spasticity (hypertonia) can occur with upper motor neuron (UMN) injury
What tests checks cerebellar function
RAM
Finger-nose- finger test
Heel to shin
What is a positive Romberg test indicate?
Cerebellar ataxia like MS or alcohol intoxication
