Musculoskeletal

Question 1

What is rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 1

Chronic inflammatory condition

Joint involvement is symmetric and bilateral

Signs and symptoms include: redness, swelling, heat, pain

Limited ROM

Deformities

Question 2

What is osteoarthritis

Answer 2

Non inflammatory condition, involving deterioration of cartilage and joints

Joint involvement is often asymmetric or unilateral (due to overuse or overweight)

Signs and symptoms include:

Stiffness, swelling, pain with movement

Limited ROM

bony nodules

Question 3

What is active range of motion?

Answer 3

When you model the movement for the patient and they can repeat it

Question 4

What is passive range of motion

Answer 4

If active ROM is limited, support the weight of the limb as you move it through the expected ROM

Question 5

What is scoliosis

Answer 5

Abnormal rotation and lateral curvature of the spine in the thoracic and lumbar regions

Question 6

Difference between functional scoliosis and structural scoliosis?

Answer 6

Functional scoliosis disappears when bending forward

Structural scoliosis is more severe and fixed

Question 7

What should you note when assessing for structural scoliosis?

Answer 7

Note rib hump when bending forward

Note uneven shoulders, scapula, and hips

Question 8

What are fibrous joints?

Answer 8

The bones are connected by fibrous tissue or cartilage and are immovable, such as the bones of the skull

Question 9

What are cartilaginous joints

Answer 9

The bones are separated by fibrocartilaginous discs and move only slightly, such as the vertebrae

Question 10

What are synovial joints

Answer 10

The bones are freely moveable and they are enclosed in a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid that lubricates the movement of the joint. Examples would be the knees and shoulders

Question 11

What is bursae

Answer 11

Enclosed sac filled with synovial fluid and are positioned between bones and soft tissues, acting as cushions to help reduce friction.

Question 12

What is a ligament

Answer 12

Fibrous band connecting bone to bone

Question 13

What is a tendon

Answer 13

A strong fibrous cord that connects muscle to bone

Question 14

What is a temporomandibular joint

Answer 14

This hinge joint permit speaking and chewing

Question 15

How do you measure muscle strength

Answer 15

On a scale from 0 to 5

0- no contraction- 0% normal- zero

1- slight contraction- 10% normal- trace

2- full ROM with gravity eliminated (passive)- 25%- poor

3- full ROM with gravity- 50%- fair

4- full ROM against gravity, some resistance- 75% normal- good

5- full ROM against gravity, full resistance- 100%- normal

Question 16

Flexion

Answer 16

Bending a limb at a joint

Question 17

Extension

Answer 17

Straightening a limb at a joint

Question 18

Abduction

Answer 18

Moving a limb away from the midline of the body

Question 19

Adduction

Answer 19

Moving a limb towards the midline of the body

Question 20

Pronation

Answer 20

Turning the forearm so the palm is down

Question 21

Supination

Answer 21

Turning the forearm so the palm is up

Question 22

Circumduction

Answer 22

Moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder

Question 23

Inversion

Answer 23

Moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle

Question 24

Eversion

Answer 24

Moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle

Question 25

Rotation

Answer 25

Moving the head around a central axis

Question 26

Protraction

Answer 26

Moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground

Question 27

Retraction

Answer 27

Moving a body part backwards and parallel to the ground

Question 28

Elevation

Answer 28

Raising a body part

Question 29

Depression

Answer 29

Lowering a body part

Question 30

What is carpal tunnel

Answer 30

Pain, along thumb, index finger, and middle finger and atrophy occur from interference with motor function from compression of the median nerve inside the carpal tunnel.

Question 31

What is carpal tunnel caused by?

Answer 31

Caused by chronic repetitive motion, occurs between 40 and 60 years, and is more common in women

Question 32

What are the symptoms of carpal tunnel?

Answer 32

Pain, nighttime pain, burning and numbness, positive findings on phalen test, positive Tinel sign

Question 33

What is the Tinel sign

Answer 33

Direct percussion of the location of the median nerve at rest produces no symptoms in the normal hand

Question 34

What is a positive Tinel sign

Answer 34

And carpal tunnel syndrome, percussion of the median nerve produces burning and tingling along its distribution, which is a positive tinel sign

Question 35

What is the phalen test

Answer 35

Ask the person to hold both hands back to back while flexing the wrist 90°. Acute flexion of the wrist for 60 seconds produces no symptoms in the normal hand.

Question 36

What are four sign to suggest acute inflammation in a joint

Answer 36

Swelling, heat, redness, pain/tenderness

Question 37

What is the complete loss of contact between the two bones in a joint?

Answer 37

Dislocation

Question 38

What are six things to inspect on a joint?

Answer 38

Contour Color Swelling Masses Deformities

Question 39

What is functional scoliosis?

Answer 39

Flexible Apparent with standing and disappears with forward bending

Question 40

What is structural scoliosis?

Answer 40

Fixed Curvature shows when standing and bending forward