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Neuroscience 1B > Neurologic Exam — Intro > Flashcards

Neurologic Exam — Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Abnormal finger-to-nose test indicates what disorder?

A

Dysdiadochokinesia

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2
Q

Finger-to-Nose test what brain function?

A

Cerebellar Function (Coordination)

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3
Q

Weakness of the right extremity indicates a problem in the ________?

A

Left motor cortex

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4
Q

6 subsets of neurologic examination

A 
Mental status
Sensory function
Motor function
Reflexes
Cranial nerves
Cerebellar function
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5
Q

Term for slight or incomplete paralysis; weakness

A

Paresis

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6
Q

Total loss of motor function

A

Paralysis

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7
Q

Enlargement of an organ or a part due to an increase in size of its cells

A

Hypertrophy

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8
Q

Increase in size without true hypertrophy

A

Pseudohypertrophy

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9
Q

Hypertonicity with increased DTR

A

Spasticity

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10
Q

Loss of tone with decreased DTR

A

Flaccidity

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11
Q

Stiffness or inflexibility

A

Rigidity

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12
Q

Inability to process sensory information

A

Agnosia

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13
Q

Loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, etc while the specific sense is not defective

A

Agnosia

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14
Q

Agnosia indicates a damage to ____?

A

Occipitotemporal border

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15
Q

Agnosia affects which either 2 of this modality

A

Vision or Hearing

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16
Q

Agnosia where there is failure to understand spoken words but can read, write and speak

A

Hearing Agnosia

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17
Q

Agnosia with an inability to recognize visually presented objects despite preservation of elementary sensory functions

A

Visual Agnosia

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18
Q

Deficit os self-awareness

A

Anosognosia

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19
Q

Anosognosia is first named by a neurologist named ____?

A

Joseph Babinski

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20
Q

A condition in which a person with disability is unaware of having it

A

Anosognosia

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21
Q

Anosognosia results from damage to what part of the brain?

A

Parietal Lobe/ Fronto-temporo-parietal area of the right hemisphere

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22
Q

A neuropsychiatric disorder

A

Anosognosia

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23
Q

Inability to comprehend the written or printed word as a result of a cerebral lesion

A

Alexia

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24
Q

An innate or constitutional inability to learn to read

A

Dyslexia

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25
Q

A neurologic disorder caused by a loss of the ability to communicate through writing

A

Agraphia

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26
Q

A motor disorder in which the individual has difficulty with motor planning to perform tasks or movements when asked, request and command is understood and the individual is willing to perform the task

A

Apraxia

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27
Q

Apraxia is due to a damage in what part of the brain?

A

Posterior parietal cortex

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28
Q

A condition in which a patient is unable to carry out the task of wearing one’s clothes

A

Dressing Apraxia

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29
Q

What are the language area’s in the brain?

A

Broca’s

Wernicke’s

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30
Q

A disorder of directional cutaneous kinesthesia or a disorientation of the skin’s sensation across its space

A

Agraphesthesia

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31
Q

A condition in which there is difficulty recognizing a written number or letter traced on the skin after parietal damage

A

Agraphesthesia

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32
Q

It is an acquired impairment in which patients have difficulty performing simple mathematical tasks

A

Acalculia

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33
Q

Acalculia is caused by a damage in what part of the brain?

A

Left angular gyrus in the parietal lobe

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34
Q

It is a specific developmental disorder first observed during acquisition of mathematical knowledge

A

Dyscalculia

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35
Q

Collection of neurons in the CNS

A

Nuclei

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36
Q

Collection of neurons in the PNS

A

ganglia

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37
Q

Collection of axons in the CNS

A

Tracts

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38
Q

Collection of axons in the PNS

A

Nerves

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39
Q

It is the communication link between nerves or nerve cells

A

Chemical transmission

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40
Q

It is the transmission within the cell itself

A

Electrical transmission

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41
Q

It is the space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron

A

Synapse

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42
Q

Supporting cells and the most numerous type of cells in the nervous system

A

Glial cells

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43
Q

Largest part of the brain

A

Cerebrum

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44
Q

Lobe: memory processing and storage, intergration of auditory stimuli

A

Temporal

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45
Q

Lobe: vision

A

Occipital

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46
Q

Lobe: conceptualization, judgment, thought process and emotions

A

Frontal

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47
Q

Lobe: interpretation of sensory information and ability to recognize body parts

A

Parietal

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48
Q

Little brain; keeps a person oriented in space, coordinated and balanced

A

Cerebellum

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49
Q

Relay station for the nervous system

A

Thalamus

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50
Q

Maintains homeostasis by controlling vital functions

A

Hypothalamus

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51
Q

Master gland

A

Pituitary gland

52
Q

Connects the limbic system to other parts of the brain

A

Epithalamus

53
Q

Controls the rhythmicity of respiration; contains motor and sensory pathways

A

Pons

54
Q

Controls the cardiac, respiratory, vasomotor control, swallow, gag and cough reflex

A

Medulla oblongata

55
Q

Prevents diffusion of toxic substances and large molecules from reaching the brain

A

Blood-Brain-Barrier

56
Q

formed by 2 carotid and 2 vertebral arteries

A

Circle of Willis

57
Q

Meninges

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

58
Q

Spaces between meninges

A

Epidural
Subdural
Subarachnoid

59
Q

ANS division which maintains homeostasis and defense against stressors

A

Sympathetic

60
Q

Location of Sympathetic outflow

A

Thoracolumbar region

61
Q

Fight-or-Flight

A

Sympathetic

62
Q

ANS division responsible for restorative and vegetative functions

A

Parasympathetic

63
Q

Location of parasympathetic outflow

A

Craniosacral region

64
Q

Cranial component of Parasympathetic

A

CN III, VII, IX, X

65
Q

Sacral component of Parasympathetic system

A

S2-S4

66
Q

Rest and digest

A

Parasympathetic

67
Q

Defined as connections of motor nerves before they leave the spinal cord

A

Upper Motor Neuron

68
Q

Defines as after the synapse into the peripheral nerve bodies towards the nerve endings at the NMJ

A

Lower Motor Neuron

69
Q

Increased/Decreased: UMN lesions’ reflexes

A

Increased (Hyperreflexia)

70
Q

LMN lesions reflexes (increased/decreased)

A

Decreased (Hyporeflexia)

71
Q

Tone: UMN lesions (increased/decreased)

A

Increased (Hypertonic)

72
Q

Atrophy: LMN lesions

A

Present (Wasting Atrophy)

73
Q

Tone: LMN lesions (increased/decreased)

A

Decreased (Hypotonic)

74
Q

Fasciculations: UMN lesions

A

Absent (NONE)

75
Q

It describes the mental state and behavior of a person

A

Mental Status Examination

76
Q

A more sustained emotion that may color a person’s view of the world

A

Mood

77
Q

An observable, usually episodic, feeling tone expressed through voice, facial expression and demeanor

A

Affect

78
Q

Assess logic, relevance, organization and coherence of patient’s thought or how people think

A

Thought Process

79
Q

What the patient thinks about including level of insight and judgement

A

Thought Content

80
Q

Awareness of personal identity, place and time

A

Orientation

81
Q

The process of registering or recording information

A

Memory and concentration

82
Q

A language impairment in which there is a fluent or well-articulated but a lack of comprehension of reading and writing

A

Receptive Aphasia/ Fluent Aphasia

83
Q

Language impairment in which a patient can understand but is unable to express language

A

Expressive/Motor Aphasia

84
Q

A speech impairment caused by a damage from stroke, traumatic brain injury, or from degenerative diseases

A

Dysarthria

85
Q

Comprehension is intact but there is distorted or slurred speech

A

Dysarthria

86
Q

Broca’a and Wernicke’s areas are located in what brain hemisphere?

A

LEFT hemisphere

87
Q

Located on the base of pre-central gyrus just above the lateral sulcus

A

Broca’s Area(44)

88
Q

Responsible for word articulation; the movements necessary for speech

A

Broca’s Area

89
Q

Damage in this area results to the patient can understand but can’t speak; if able to speak, words are right but difficult to understand

A

Broca’s area

90
Q

Region involved in recognizing and understanding spoken or written language/words

A

Wernicke’s area

91
Q

Found in the junction of parietal and temporal lobes

A

Wernicke’s Area

92
Q

Damage to this area leads to the patient’s comprehension impaired; words are understandable but don’t make sense

A

Wernicke’s Area (22)

93
Q

Combination of motor and receptive aphasias

A

Global Aphasia

94
Q

Global Aphasia is caused by a damage to what?

A

Left side, Perisylvian cortex

95
Q

Express themselves through facial expression, gestures and intonation; communicate through gestures only

A

Global Aphasia

96
Q

Affect/Mood: Subjective

A

Mood

97
Q

Mood/Affect : Objective

A

Affect

98
Q

Awareness of one’s own illness or situation; person does not deny the existence of a disease or problem

A

Insight

99
Q

The ability to anticipate the consequences of one’s behavior and make decisions to safeguard your well-being and of others

A

Judgement

100
Q

Describes the rate of thoughts, how they flow and connected

A

Thought Process

101
Q

Indirection and delay in reaching a point because of unnecessary detail

A

Circumstantiality

102
Q

Person shifts from one unrelated subject to another

A

Loose Associations

103
Q

Almost continuous flow of accelerated speech with abrupt topic changes

A

Flight of ideas

104
Q

Incomprehensible because of illogic, lack of meaningful connections, abrupt topic changes, or disordered word use or grammar

A

Incoherence

105
Q

Fabrication of facts or events to fill in gaps in impaired memory

A

Confabulation

106
Q

Persistent repetition of words or ideas

A

Preservation

107
Q

Repetition of the words or ideas

A

Echolalia

108
Q

Invented or distorted words

A

Neologisms

109
Q

Sudden interruption in mid-sentence or before completion of an idea

A

Blocking

110
Q

Person chooses a word based on sound instead of meaning

A

Clanging

111
Q

Refers to the themes that occupy the patient’s thoughts and perceptual disturbances

A

Thought Content

112
Q

Recurrent uncontrollable thought, images or impulses that a person considers unacceptable or strange

A

Obsessions

113
Q

Repetitive acts that a person feels driven to perform to prevent or produce some unrealistic future state of affairs

A

Compulsions

114
Q

False, fixed, personal beliefs that are not shared by other members of the person’s culture

A

Delusions

115
Q

Persistent, irrational fears; accompanied by a compelling desire to avoid the stimulus

A

Phobias

116
Q

Apprehensions, fears, tensions that maybe free floating or focused

A

Anxieties

117
Q

A sense that things in the environment are strange, unreal ore remote

A

Feelings of Unreality

118
Q

A sense that one’s feeling is different, changed, or unreal. Identity is lost

A

Feelings of Depersonalization

119
Q

False sensory perceptions; can be auditory, visual, tactile or olfactory

A

Hallucinations

120
Q

Misinterpretation of environment

A

Illusions

121
Q

Misinterpretation of incidents and events in the outside world having direct personal reference to the patient

A

Ideas of Reference

122
Q

Presents acalculia; cannot identify left or right finger, cannot identify zero or one when you write in his or her palm

A

Gerstmann’s syndrome

123
Q

A deficit in attention and awareness to one side in space

A

Hemineglect

124
Q

Inability of the person to process and perceive stimuli to one side of the body or environment

A

Hemineglect

125
Q

Hemineglect is caused by a damage in what part of the brain?

A

Right, non-dominant parietal lobe

126
Q

Gerstmann’s syndrome is caused by a damage in what part of the brain?

A

Angular Gyrus

Neuroscience 1B (12 decks)

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