Neurologic Exam — Intro Flashcards
1
Q
Abnormal finger-to-nose test indicates what disorder?
A
Dysdiadochokinesia
2
Q
Finger-to-Nose test what brain function?
A
Cerebellar Function (Coordination)
3
Q
Weakness of the right extremity indicates a problem in the ________?
A
Left motor cortex
4
Q
6 subsets of neurologic examination
A
Mental status Sensory function Motor function Reflexes Cranial nerves Cerebellar function
5
Q
Term for slight or incomplete paralysis; weakness
A
Paresis
6
Q
Total loss of motor function
A
Paralysis
7
Q
Enlargement of an organ or a part due to an increase in size of its cells
A
Hypertrophy
8
Q
Increase in size without true hypertrophy
A
Pseudohypertrophy
9
Q
Hypertonicity with increased DTR
A
Spasticity
10
Q
Loss of tone with decreased DTR
A
Flaccidity
11
Q
Stiffness or inflexibility
A
Rigidity
12
Q
Inability to process sensory information
A
Agnosia
13
Q
Loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, etc while the specific sense is not defective
A
Agnosia
14
Q
Agnosia indicates a damage to ____?
A
Occipitotemporal border
15
Q
Agnosia affects which either 2 of this modality
A
Vision or Hearing
16
Q
Agnosia where there is failure to understand spoken words but can read, write and speak
A
Hearing Agnosia
17
Q
Agnosia with an inability to recognize visually presented objects despite preservation of elementary sensory functions
A
Visual Agnosia
18
Q
Deficit os self-awareness
A
Anosognosia
19
Q
Anosognosia is first named by a neurologist named ____?
A
Joseph Babinski
20
Q
A condition in which a person with disability is unaware of having it
A
Anosognosia
21
Q
Anosognosia results from damage to what part of the brain?
A
Parietal Lobe/ Fronto-temporo-parietal area of the right hemisphere
22
Q
A neuropsychiatric disorder
A
Anosognosia
23
Q
Inability to comprehend the written or printed word as a result of a cerebral lesion
A
Alexia
24
Q
An innate or constitutional inability to learn to read
A
Dyslexia
25
A neurologic disorder caused by a loss of the ability to communicate through writing
Agraphia
26
A motor disorder in which the individual has difficulty with motor planning to perform tasks or movements when asked, request and command is understood and the individual is willing to perform the task
Apraxia
27
Apraxia is due to a damage in what part of the brain?
Posterior parietal cortex
28
A condition in which a patient is unable to carry out the task of wearing one’s clothes
Dressing Apraxia
29
What are the language area’s in the brain?
Broca’s
| Wernicke’s
30
A disorder of directional cutaneous kinesthesia or a disorientation of the skin’s sensation across its space
Agraphesthesia
31
A condition in which there is difficulty recognizing a written number or letter traced on the skin after parietal damage
Agraphesthesia
32
It is an acquired impairment in which patients have difficulty performing simple mathematical tasks
Acalculia
33
Acalculia is caused by a damage in what part of the brain?
Left angular gyrus in the parietal lobe
34
It is a specific developmental disorder first observed during acquisition of mathematical knowledge
Dyscalculia
35
Collection of neurons in the CNS
Nuclei
36
Collection of neurons in the PNS
ganglia
37
Collection of axons in the CNS
Tracts
38
Collection of axons in the PNS
Nerves
39
It is the communication link between nerves or nerve cells
Chemical transmission
40
It is the transmission within the cell itself
Electrical transmission
41
It is the space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron
Synapse
42
Supporting cells and the most numerous type of cells in the nervous system
Glial cells
43
Largest part of the brain
Cerebrum
44
Lobe: memory processing and storage, intergration of auditory stimuli
Temporal
45
Lobe: vision
Occipital
46
Lobe: conceptualization, judgment, thought process and emotions
Frontal
47
Lobe: interpretation of sensory information and ability to recognize body parts
Parietal
48
Little brain; keeps a person oriented in space, coordinated and balanced
Cerebellum
49
Relay station for the nervous system
Thalamus
50
Maintains homeostasis by controlling vital functions
Hypothalamus
51
Master gland
Pituitary gland
52
Connects the limbic system to other parts of the brain
Epithalamus
53
Controls the rhythmicity of respiration; contains motor and sensory pathways
Pons
54
Controls the cardiac, respiratory, vasomotor control, swallow, gag and cough reflex
Medulla oblongata
55
Prevents diffusion of toxic substances and large molecules from reaching the brain
Blood-Brain-Barrier
56
formed by 2 carotid and 2 vertebral arteries
Circle of Willis
57
Meninges
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
58
Spaces between meninges
Epidural
Subdural
Subarachnoid
59
ANS division which maintains homeostasis and defense against stressors
Sympathetic
60
Location of Sympathetic outflow
Thoracolumbar region
61
Fight-or-Flight
Sympathetic
62
ANS division responsible for restorative and vegetative functions
Parasympathetic
63
Location of parasympathetic outflow
Craniosacral region
64
Cranial component of Parasympathetic
CN III, VII, IX, X
65
Sacral component of Parasympathetic system
S2-S4
66
Rest and digest
Parasympathetic
67
Defined as connections of motor nerves before they leave the spinal cord
Upper Motor Neuron
68
Defines as after the synapse into the peripheral nerve bodies towards the nerve endings at the NMJ
Lower Motor Neuron
69
Increased/Decreased: UMN lesions’ reflexes
Increased (Hyperreflexia)
70
LMN lesions reflexes (increased/decreased)
Decreased (Hyporeflexia)
71
Tone: UMN lesions (increased/decreased)
Increased (Hypertonic)
72
Atrophy: LMN lesions
Present (Wasting Atrophy)
73
Tone: LMN lesions (increased/decreased)
Decreased (Hypotonic)
74
Fasciculations: UMN lesions
Absent (NONE)
75
It describes the mental state and behavior of a person
Mental Status Examination
76
A more sustained emotion that may color a person’s view of the world
Mood
77
An observable, usually episodic, feeling tone expressed through voice, facial expression and demeanor
Affect
78
Assess logic, relevance, organization and coherence of patient’s thought or how people think
Thought Process
79
What the patient thinks about including level of insight and judgement
Thought Content
80
Awareness of personal identity, place and time
Orientation
81
The process of registering or recording information
Memory and concentration
82
A language impairment in which there is a fluent or well-articulated but a lack of comprehension of reading and writing
Receptive Aphasia/ Fluent Aphasia
83
Language impairment in which a patient can understand but is unable to express language
Expressive/Motor Aphasia
84
A speech impairment caused by a damage from stroke, traumatic brain injury, or from degenerative diseases
Dysarthria
85
Comprehension is intact but there is distorted or slurred speech
Dysarthria
86
Broca’a and Wernicke’s areas are located in what brain hemisphere?
LEFT hemisphere
87
Located on the base of pre-central gyrus just above the lateral sulcus
Broca’s Area(44)
88
Responsible for word articulation; the movements necessary for speech
Broca’s Area
89
Damage in this area results to the patient can understand but can’t speak; if able to speak, words are right but difficult to understand
Broca’s area
90
Region involved in recognizing and understanding spoken or written language/words
Wernicke’s area
91
Found in the junction of parietal and temporal lobes
Wernicke’s Area
92
Damage to this area leads to the patient’s comprehension impaired; words are understandable but don’t make sense
Wernicke’s Area (22)
93
Combination of motor and receptive aphasias
Global Aphasia
94
Global Aphasia is caused by a damage to what?
Left side, Perisylvian cortex
95
Express themselves through facial expression, gestures and intonation; communicate through gestures only
Global Aphasia
96
Affect/Mood: Subjective
Mood
97
Mood/Affect : Objective
Affect
98
Awareness of one’s own illness or situation; person does not deny the existence of a disease or problem
Insight
99
The ability to anticipate the consequences of one’s behavior and make decisions to safeguard your well-being and of others
Judgement
100
Describes the rate of thoughts, how they flow and connected
Thought Process
101
Indirection and delay in reaching a point because of unnecessary detail
Circumstantiality
102
Person shifts from one unrelated subject to another
Loose Associations
103
Almost continuous flow of accelerated speech with abrupt topic changes
Flight of ideas
104
Incomprehensible because of illogic, lack of meaningful connections, abrupt topic changes, or disordered word use or grammar
Incoherence
105
Fabrication of facts or events to fill in gaps in impaired memory
Confabulation
106
Persistent repetition of words or ideas
Preservation
107
Repetition of the words or ideas
Echolalia
108
Invented or distorted words
Neologisms
109
Sudden interruption in mid-sentence or before completion of an idea
Blocking
110
Person chooses a word based on sound instead of meaning
Clanging
111
Refers to the themes that occupy the patient’s thoughts and perceptual disturbances
Thought Content
112
Recurrent uncontrollable thought, images or impulses that a person considers unacceptable or strange
Obsessions
113
Repetitive acts that a person feels driven to perform to prevent or produce some unrealistic future state of affairs
Compulsions
114
False, fixed, personal beliefs that are not shared by other members of the person’s culture
Delusions
115
Persistent, irrational fears; accompanied by a compelling desire to avoid the stimulus
Phobias
116
Apprehensions, fears, tensions that maybe free floating or focused
Anxieties
117
A sense that things in the environment are strange, unreal ore remote
Feelings of Unreality
118
A sense that one’s feeling is different, changed, or unreal. Identity is lost
Feelings of Depersonalization
119
False sensory perceptions; can be auditory, visual, tactile or olfactory
Hallucinations
120
Misinterpretation of environment
Illusions
121
Misinterpretation of incidents and events in the outside world having direct personal reference to the patient
Ideas of Reference
122
Presents acalculia; cannot identify left or right finger, cannot identify zero or one when you write in his or her palm
Gerstmann’s syndrome
123
A deficit in attention and awareness to one side in space
Hemineglect
124
Inability of the person to process and perceive stimuli to one side of the body or environment
Hemineglect
125
Hemineglect is caused by a damage in what part of the brain?
Right, non-dominant parietal lobe
126
Gerstmann’s syndrome is caused by a damage in what part of the brain?
Angular Gyrus
