Cranial Nerve Examination Flashcards
1
Q
Brain structure associated with the cranial nerves
A
Brainstem
2
Q
A derivative of the dura mater that will insert itself between the cerebrum above and the cerebellum below
A
Tentorium cerebelli
3
Q
Infratentorial brain structures (2)
A
Cerebellum
Brainstem
4
Q
Supratentorial brain structure
A
Cerebrum
5
Q
Cranial nerves which arise from the midbrain
A
CN III, IV
6
Q
Cranial nerves which arise from the pons
A
CN V, VI, VII, VIII
7
Q
Cranial nerves which arise from the medulla
A
CN IX, X, XI, XII
8
Q
Cranial nerves that are considered as supratentorial
A
CN I, II
9
Q
First part of the respiratory system that has a protective function; hair inside the nose
A
Vibrissae
10
Q
Seat of smell
A
Uncus
11
Q
Pathway of Olfaction
A
Olfactory epithelium —> Olfactory nerve —> Cribriform plate —> Olfactory bulb —> Olfactory tract —> Uncus —> Thalamus —> Cortical Olfactory center (inferior portion of the frontal lobe)
12
Q
A structure that puts emotion to whatever you smell
A
Habenular nuclei
13
Q
A substance found in the nose which helps to trap and transport odorous molecules to the olfactory epithelium; increase olfactory sensitivity
A
Olfactory binding protein
14
Q
Neurons in the olfactory epithelium which begin the process of smelling; receptor cells that are actual brain cells whose axons connect directly to the brain center
A
Olfactory receptor cells
15
Q
Only brain cells which are capable of regeneration, which occurs about every 5 to 8 weeks
A
Olfactory receptor cells
16
Q
Deficit in smell; loss of the sense of smell
A
Anosmia
17
Q
Use of noxious stimulus/salts for olfactory nerve examination will give false positive result because it will stimulate what other CN?
A
CN V2 (nerve for pain or sensation)
18
Q
Convergence of both fibers from the temporal and nasal sides of each of eye
A
Optic Nerves
19
Q
Where nasal fibers cross at the level of the pituitary gland
A
Optic Chiasm
20
Q
Upper optic radiations will terminate on the upper part of the occipital lobe or _______.
A
Cuneus
21
Q
Lower optic radiations will terminate on the lower part of the occipital lobe or _______.
A
Lingual gyrus
22
Q
Tool used to measure visual acuity and it is composed of numbers and letters
A
Snellen’s chart
23
Q
Visual acuity that is considered to be legally blind
A
20/200
24
Q
Test for visual field
A
Visual Confrontation test
25
Unilateral blindness from a lesion of the retina or optic nerve
Monocular blindness
26
Most common cause of problem in the optic chiasm
Pituitary tumor
27
Blindness on both temporal/lateral sides of the visual field due to a developed pituitary tumor that initially affects the two nasal fibers
Bitemporal Hemianopsia
28
Blindness from a lesion of the optic tract or optic radiation on the side contralateral to the blind area
e.g. left optic tract is destroyed, the right nasal and left temporal field vision are affected
Homonymous Hemianopsia (Left)
29
Blindness if the upper optic radiation of the right side is affected
Left Inferior Quadrantinopsia
30
Proper fundoscopic examination:
right eye of the examiner: examines ____ eye of patient
left eye of the examiner: examines ____ eye of patient
right eye to right eye
| left eye to left eye
31
Tool used in fundoscopic examination
Opthalmoscope
32
Found in the most posterior part of the eyeball
Retina
33
Area of the optic nerve
Optic disc
34
Found located more medially in fundoscopy
Optic disc
35
Found located laterally in fundoscopy; where your clearest vision is and where cons are concentrated
Macula
36
A condition where there is whitening of the lens; cloudiness in the anterior portion obstructing the view; no red-orange reflex
Cataract
37
A disease associated with aging where patients becomes gradually blind because of the degeneration of the macula
Ma cula degeneration
38
Diameter of blood vessels pointing to the direction of the optic disc
Becomes larger in diameter
39
Veins in the eyes, in contrast with veins in other parts of the body, appear bigger, more red or darker and are pulsatile (T or F)
T
40
Venous pulsations in the eye means
no increase intracranial pressure
41
A disease of the eye where the optic disc becomes very pale or white, which is caused by degeneration of the nerve
Optic atropy
42
A disease of the eye where the optic disc enlarges in diameter, indicating high intraocular pressure
Glaucoma
43
A disease of the eye where the optic disc has indistinct margins associated with increased intracranial pressure
Papilledema
44
Pupillary Light Reflex performed to check eye constriction (by what CN?) and sensation of light (by what CN?)
Constriction - motor: CN III
| Light - sensory: CN II
45
Age related condition which requires the need for reading glasses; cannot read closer objects
Presbyopia
46
Far-sightedness
Hyperopia
47
Near-sightedness
Myopia
48
Response to an object that comes nearer and nearer, and the lens will have to adjust either to enlarge or becomes smaller in diameter
Accomodation
49
Response to protect the eye when an object gets nearer
Pupillary constriction
50
Response by simultaneous inward (medially) movement of both eyes toward each other
Convergence
51
Pupillary constriction is controlled by what two CN?
CN II for sensory
| CN III for motor
52
Muscles involved in elevating the eyelids (2)
```
Levator palpebrae (parasympathetic)
Muller muscle (sympathetic)
```
53
Nucleus located in the brain stem responsible for light reflex
Edinger-Westphal nucleus
54
Medical term for seeing double
Diplopia
55
Cranial nerves involved in eye movements
CN VI, IV, III
56
What eye muscles are involved: laterally to the right side, upward?
Right superior rectus
| Left Inferior Oblique
57
What eye muscles are involved: laterally to the left side, downward?
Right superior oblique
| Left inferior rectus
58
Drooping or falling of the upper eyelid due to a problem of the levator palpebrae, CN III
Ptosis
59
Pupils are very small
Miosis
60
Large pupils
Midriasis
61
Condition characterized by an unequal size of the pupils (>1mm difference)
Anisocoria
62
Main function for testing CN V (Trigeminal)
Sensory of the face
63
Cranial nerve involved in mastication (chewing)
Trigeminal Nerve, CN V
64
Cranial nerve for facial expression
Facial Nerve, CN VII
65
Muscles involved in chewing (3)
Masseter
Temporalis
Lateral & Medial Pterygoids
66
Ophthalmic division (goes to the forehead) of CN V
V1
67
Maxillary division (cheek) of CN V
V2
68
Mandibular division (controls the four muscles of mastication) of CN V
V3
69
CN V nuclei found in the medulla for sensation of pain and temperature
Spinal nucleus
70
CN V nuclei found in the pons for sensation of light touch
Principal nucleus
71
CN V nuclei found in the midbrain for sensation of vibration and propioception
Mesencephalic nucleus
72
Tuning fork frequency used to test for vibration and propioception
128 Hz
73
Tuning fork frequency used to test for hearing acuity
256 Hz
74
Cranial nerves involved in corneal reflex
CN VII, III, V
75
CN involved in corneal reflex which causes blinking and eye closure
CN VII
76
CN involved in corneal reflex which is responsible for eye opening
CN III
77
CN involved in corneal reflex which will be the one to receive the touch in the cornea
CN V1
78
A test performed by laterally placing a cotton wisp and try to touch the cornea; blinking of the eye is a response
Corneal reflex
79
Test performed by threatening the eye without using something to touch the cornea
Visual Threat Response
80
Cranial nerves involved in eye blinking by visual threat
CN II, VII (the cornea is not touched, non-involvement of CN V)
81
Eyelid opening by CN?
CN III
82
Muscle for closing the eye
Orbicularis oculi
83
Salivary gland innervated by CN IX
Parotid gland
84
Salivary glands innvervated by CN VII
Submandibular gland
| Sublingual gland
85
```
CN VII is involved in the ff except:
A. Raising the eyebrows
B. Lacrimation
C. Taste (posterior 1/3)
D. Salivation (submandibular)
```
C.
* should be CN VII: ANTERIOR 2/3
* Posterior 1/3 is innervated by CN IX
86
CN involved in taste sensation in the epiglottis
CN X
87
Injury to the facial nerve that occurs outside the nervous sytem; characterized by smoothing out of the forehead, eyebrow drooping and drooping of the corner of the mouth
Peripheral Nerve injury (Bell's Palsy)
88
Facial paralysis that affects only the lower opposite face
Central facial paralysis
89
Facial paralysis that affects the whole half of the face, upper and lower portions
Peripheral facial paralysis
90
3 ossicles in the ear
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
91
Inner ear structures for balance
Utricle
Saccule
Semicircular canal
92
Inner ear structure for hearing
Cochlea
93
Hearing loss which is a result of a problem on the external and middle ear that conducts the impulse
Central hearing loss
94
Hearing loss that starts from the cochlear to the auditory cortex; nervous system division
Sensorineural type
95
Test for lateralization using a tuning fork with 256 Hz frequency
Weber test
96
Test for air and bone conduction
Rinne test
97
Normal response to Rinne test
Air conduction is GREATER than bone conduction
98
Hearing loss as a result of bone conduction being greater than air conduction
Conduction type of hearing loss
99
Hearing loss as a result of hearing nothing upon transferring the tuning fork in front of the ear during Rinne test
Sensory type of hearing loss
100
Cranial nerves involved in Gag reflex
CN IX, X
101
Motor part of gag reflex is innervated by?
CN X
102
CN X controls all the muscles in the oropharynx except?
Palatopharyngeus muscle
103
Touching the posterior pharyngeal wall will test for CN?
CN IX (touching/sensing the stimulus)
104
Weak posterior pharyngeal wall on the right side will deviate the uvula to the?
Left side
105
Weak posterior pharyngeal wall on the left side will deviate the uvula to the?
Right side
106
The uvula will deviate to the stronger side. (T or F)
T
107
Left sternocleidomastoid muscle will turn your neck to the?
Right side
108
Right Spinal Accessory Nerve (XI) will innervate what side of trapezius muscle
Right Trapezius muscle
109
Muscle that is part of the Spinal Axillary nerve
Deltoid muscle
110
Weak right tongue muscles will deviate the tongue to the?
Right side
111
Tongue will deviate to the weaker side. (T or F)
T
112
When the right posterior pharyngeal muscle wall is weak, the uvula is expected to deviate to the?
Left side
| *uvula deviates to stronger side*
113
When the left tongue muscle is weak, the tongue is expected to deviate to the?
Left side
| *tongue deviates to weaker side*
114
Test for lateralization
Weber Test
115
Uses a cotton wisp to assess CN VII
Corneal Blink Reflex
116
Visual Acuity Test
Snellen's Test
117
Threatening the eye without touching the cornea
Visual threat response
118
Assessing for the optic disc and cup
Fundoscopic Examination
119
Test for the 6 cardinal eye movements
H test
120
Visual field testing
Confrontation test
121
Trapezius muscle test
Shoulder shrug
122
Test for CN IX and X using a cotton tip applicator
Gag reflex
123
Air and bone conduction test
Rinne test
