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Neuroscience 1B > Cranial Nerve Examination > Flashcards

Cranial Nerve Examination Flashcards

1
Q

Brain structure associated with the cranial nerves

A

Brainstem

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2
Q

A derivative of the dura mater that will insert itself between the cerebrum above and the cerebellum below

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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3
Q

Infratentorial brain structures (2)

A

Cerebellum

Brainstem

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4
Q

Supratentorial brain structure

A

Cerebrum

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5
Q

Cranial nerves which arise from the midbrain

A

CN III, IV

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6
Q

Cranial nerves which arise from the pons

A

CN V, VI, VII, VIII

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7
Q

Cranial nerves which arise from the medulla

A

CN IX, X, XI, XII

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8
Q

Cranial nerves that are considered as supratentorial

A

CN I, II

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9
Q

First part of the respiratory system that has a protective function; hair inside the nose

A

Vibrissae

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10
Q

Seat of smell

A

Uncus

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11
Q

Pathway of Olfaction

A

Olfactory epithelium —> Olfactory nerve —> Cribriform plate —> Olfactory bulb —> Olfactory tract —> Uncus —> Thalamus —> Cortical Olfactory center (inferior portion of the frontal lobe)

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12
Q

A structure that puts emotion to whatever you smell

A

Habenular nuclei

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13
Q

A substance found in the nose which helps to trap and transport odorous molecules to the olfactory epithelium; increase olfactory sensitivity

A

Olfactory binding protein

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14
Q

Neurons in the olfactory epithelium which begin the process of smelling; receptor cells that are actual brain cells whose axons connect directly to the brain center

A

Olfactory receptor cells

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15
Q

Only brain cells which are capable of regeneration, which occurs about every 5 to 8 weeks

A

Olfactory receptor cells

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16
Q

Deficit in smell; loss of the sense of smell

A

Anosmia

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17
Q

Use of noxious stimulus/salts for olfactory nerve examination will give false positive result because it will stimulate what other CN?

A

CN V2 (nerve for pain or sensation)

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18
Q

Convergence of both fibers from the temporal and nasal sides of each of eye

A

Optic Nerves

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19
Q

Where nasal fibers cross at the level of the pituitary gland

A

Optic Chiasm

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20
Q

Upper optic radiations will terminate on the upper part of the occipital lobe or _______.

A

Cuneus

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21
Q

Lower optic radiations will terminate on the lower part of the occipital lobe or _______.

A

Lingual gyrus

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22
Q

Tool used to measure visual acuity and it is composed of numbers and letters

A

Snellen’s chart

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23
Q

Visual acuity that is considered to be legally blind

A

20/200

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24
Q

Test for visual field

A

Visual Confrontation test

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25
Q

Unilateral blindness from a lesion of the retina or optic nerve

A

Monocular blindness

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26
Q

Most common cause of problem in the optic chiasm

A

Pituitary tumor

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27
Q

Blindness on both temporal/lateral sides of the visual field due to a developed pituitary tumor that initially affects the two nasal fibers

A

Bitemporal Hemianopsia

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28
Q

Blindness from a lesion of the optic tract or optic radiation on the side contralateral to the blind area
e.g. left optic tract is destroyed, the right nasal and left temporal field vision are affected

A

Homonymous Hemianopsia (Left)

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29
Q

Blindness if the upper optic radiation of the right side is affected

A

Left Inferior Quadrantinopsia

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30
Q

Proper fundoscopic examination:
right eye of the examiner: examines ____ eye of patient
left eye of the examiner: examines ____ eye of patient

A

right eye to right eye

left eye to left eye

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31
Q

Tool used in fundoscopic examination

A

Opthalmoscope

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32
Q

Found in the most posterior part of the eyeball

A

Retina

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33
Q

Area of the optic nerve

A

Optic disc

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34
Q

Found located more medially in fundoscopy

A

Optic disc

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35
Q

Found located laterally in fundoscopy; where your clearest vision is and where cons are concentrated

A

Macula

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36
Q

A condition where there is whitening of the lens; cloudiness in the anterior portion obstructing the view; no red-orange reflex

A

Cataract

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37
Q

A disease associated with aging where patients becomes gradually blind because of the degeneration of the macula

A

Ma cula degeneration

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38
Q

Diameter of blood vessels pointing to the direction of the optic disc

A

Becomes larger in diameter

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39
Q

Veins in the eyes, in contrast with veins in other parts of the body, appear bigger, more red or darker and are pulsatile (T or F)

A

T

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40
Q

Venous pulsations in the eye means

A

no increase intracranial pressure

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41
Q

A disease of the eye where the optic disc becomes very pale or white, which is caused by degeneration of the nerve

A

Optic atropy

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42
Q

A disease of the eye where the optic disc enlarges in diameter, indicating high intraocular pressure

A

Glaucoma

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43
Q

A disease of the eye where the optic disc has indistinct margins associated with increased intracranial pressure

A

Papilledema

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44
Q

Pupillary Light Reflex performed to check eye constriction (by what CN?) and sensation of light (by what CN?)

A

Constriction - motor: CN III

Light - sensory: CN II

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45
Q

Age related condition which requires the need for reading glasses; cannot read closer objects

A

Presbyopia

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46
Q

Far-sightedness

A

Hyperopia

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47
Q

Near-sightedness

A

Myopia

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48
Q

Response to an object that comes nearer and nearer, and the lens will have to adjust either to enlarge or becomes smaller in diameter

A

Accomodation

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49
Q

Response to protect the eye when an object gets nearer

A

Pupillary constriction

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50
Q

Response by simultaneous inward (medially) movement of both eyes toward each other

A

Convergence

51
Q

Pupillary constriction is controlled by what two CN?

A

CN II for sensory

CN III for motor

52
Q

Muscles involved in elevating the eyelids (2)

A 
Levator palpebrae (parasympathetic)
Muller muscle (sympathetic)
53
Q

Nucleus located in the brain stem responsible for light reflex

A

Edinger-Westphal nucleus

54
Q

Medical term for seeing double

A

Diplopia

55
Q

Cranial nerves involved in eye movements

A

CN VI, IV, III

56
Q

What eye muscles are involved: laterally to the right side, upward?

A

Right superior rectus

Left Inferior Oblique

57
Q

What eye muscles are involved: laterally to the left side, downward?

A

Right superior oblique

Left inferior rectus

58
Q

Drooping or falling of the upper eyelid due to a problem of the levator palpebrae, CN III

A

Ptosis

59
Q

Pupils are very small

A

Miosis

60
Q

Large pupils

A

Midriasis

61
Q

Condition characterized by an unequal size of the pupils (>1mm difference)

A

Anisocoria

62
Q

Main function for testing CN V (Trigeminal)

A

Sensory of the face

63
Q

Cranial nerve involved in mastication (chewing)

A

Trigeminal Nerve, CN V

64
Q

Cranial nerve for facial expression

A

Facial Nerve, CN VII

65
Q

Muscles involved in chewing (3)

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Lateral & Medial Pterygoids

66
Q

Ophthalmic division (goes to the forehead) of CN V

A

V1

67
Q

Maxillary division (cheek) of CN V

A

V2

68
Q

Mandibular division (controls the four muscles of mastication) of CN V

A

V3

69
Q

CN V nuclei found in the medulla for sensation of pain and temperature

A

Spinal nucleus

70
Q

CN V nuclei found in the pons for sensation of light touch

A

Principal nucleus

71
Q

CN V nuclei found in the midbrain for sensation of vibration and propioception

A

Mesencephalic nucleus

72
Q

Tuning fork frequency used to test for vibration and propioception

A

128 Hz

73
Q

Tuning fork frequency used to test for hearing acuity

A

256 Hz

74
Q

Cranial nerves involved in corneal reflex

A

CN VII, III, V

75
Q

CN involved in corneal reflex which causes blinking and eye closure

A

CN VII

76
Q

CN involved in corneal reflex which is responsible for eye opening

A

CN III

77
Q

CN involved in corneal reflex which will be the one to receive the touch in the cornea

A

CN V1

78
Q

A test performed by laterally placing a cotton wisp and try to touch the cornea; blinking of the eye is a response

A

Corneal reflex

79
Q

Test performed by threatening the eye without using something to touch the cornea

A

Visual Threat Response

80
Q

Cranial nerves involved in eye blinking by visual threat

A

CN II, VII (the cornea is not touched, non-involvement of CN V)

81
Q

Eyelid opening by CN?

A

CN III

82
Q

Muscle for closing the eye

A

Orbicularis oculi

83
Q

Salivary gland innervated by CN IX

A

Parotid gland

84
Q

Salivary glands innvervated by CN VII

A

Submandibular gland

Sublingual gland

85
Q 
CN VII is involved in the ff except:
A. Raising the eyebrows
B. Lacrimation
C. Taste (posterior 1/3)
D. Salivation (submandibular)
A

C.

  • should be CN VII: ANTERIOR 2/3
  • Posterior 1/3 is innervated by CN IX
86
Q

CN involved in taste sensation in the epiglottis

A

CN X

87
Q

Injury to the facial nerve that occurs outside the nervous sytem; characterized by smoothing out of the forehead, eyebrow drooping and drooping of the corner of the mouth

A

Peripheral Nerve injury (Bell’s Palsy)

88
Q

Facial paralysis that affects only the lower opposite face

A

Central facial paralysis

89
Q

Facial paralysis that affects the whole half of the face, upper and lower portions

A

Peripheral facial paralysis

90
Q

3 ossicles in the ear

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

91
Q

Inner ear structures for balance

A

Utricle
Saccule
Semicircular canal

92
Q

Inner ear structure for hearing

A

Cochlea

93
Q

Hearing loss which is a result of a problem on the external and middle ear that conducts the impulse

A

Central hearing loss

94
Q

Hearing loss that starts from the cochlear to the auditory cortex; nervous system division

A

Sensorineural type

95
Q

Test for lateralization using a tuning fork with 256 Hz frequency

A

Weber test

96
Q

Test for air and bone conduction

A

Rinne test

97
Q

Normal response to Rinne test

A

Air conduction is GREATER than bone conduction

98
Q

Hearing loss as a result of bone conduction being greater than air conduction

A

Conduction type of hearing loss

99
Q

Hearing loss as a result of hearing nothing upon transferring the tuning fork in front of the ear during Rinne test

A

Sensory type of hearing loss

100
Q

Cranial nerves involved in Gag reflex

A

CN IX, X

101
Q

Motor part of gag reflex is innervated by?

A

CN X

102
Q

CN X controls all the muscles in the oropharynx except?

A

Palatopharyngeus muscle

103
Q

Touching the posterior pharyngeal wall will test for CN?

A

CN IX (touching/sensing the stimulus)

104
Q

Weak posterior pharyngeal wall on the right side will deviate the uvula to the?

A

Left side

105
Q

Weak posterior pharyngeal wall on the left side will deviate the uvula to the?

A

Right side

106
Q

The uvula will deviate to the stronger side. (T or F)

A

T

107
Q

Left sternocleidomastoid muscle will turn your neck to the?

A

Right side

108
Q

Right Spinal Accessory Nerve (XI) will innervate what side of trapezius muscle

A

Right Trapezius muscle

109
Q

Muscle that is part of the Spinal Axillary nerve

A

Deltoid muscle

110
Q

Weak right tongue muscles will deviate the tongue to the?

A

Right side

111
Q

Tongue will deviate to the weaker side. (T or F)

A

T

112
Q

When the right posterior pharyngeal muscle wall is weak, the uvula is expected to deviate to the?

A

Left side

uvula deviates to stronger side

113
Q

When the left tongue muscle is weak, the tongue is expected to deviate to the?

A

Left side

tongue deviates to weaker side

114
Q

Test for lateralization

A

Weber Test

115
Q

Uses a cotton wisp to assess CN VII

A

Corneal Blink Reflex

116
Q

Visual Acuity Test

A

Snellen’s Test

117
Q

Threatening the eye without touching the cornea

A

Visual threat response

118
Q

Assessing for the optic disc and cup

A

Fundoscopic Examination

119
Q

Test for the 6 cardinal eye movements

A

H test

120
Q

Visual field testing

A

Confrontation test

121
Q

Trapezius muscle test

A

Shoulder shrug

122
Q

Test for CN IX and X using a cotton tip applicator

A

Gag reflex

123
Q

Air and bone conduction test

A

Rinne test

Neuroscience 1B (12 decks)

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