Neurologic Flashcards
When do you do a neuro exam
General screening
AMS, symptom specific (HA, vertigo, weakness)
Concern over a central or peripheral lesion and where it occured
What is included in the neuro exam in an adult pt
MSE Cranial nerves Sensory DTRs & Plantar reflex Cerebellar functioning Muscle strength Motor screening
What makes up the CNS (brain + cord)
Cerebrum Diencephalon Basal ganglia Thalamus Hypothalamus RAS Brain stem & medulla Cerebellum
What is the grey matter
Cell bodies
What is the white matter
Axons
What is the thalamus…sensory or motor
Sensory
What is the hypothalamus responsible for
Regulation of homeostasis, endocrine function, sex drive, and behavior
What is the RAS responsible for
Consciousness
What are the neurotransmitters of the sympathetic nervous system
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Dopamine
What are the neurotransmitters of the parasympathetic nervous system
Acetylcholine
What is CN-I
What is its function?
Olfactory nerve
Sensory: reception and interpretation of smells
What is CN-II
What is its function?
Optic nerve
Sensory: visual acuity and visual fields
What is CN-III
What is its function?
Oculomotor nerve
Motor: raise eyelids, most EOM
Parasympathetic: pupil constriction, lens shape
What is CN-IV
What is its function?
Trochlear nerve
Motor: downward, inward eye movement (SO)
What is CN-V
What is its function?
Trigeminal nerve
Motor: jaw opening and clenching, mastication
Sensory: 3 branches (opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular)
What is CN-VI
What is its function?
Abducens nerve
Motor: lateral eye movement (LR)
What is CN-VII
What is its function?
Facial nerve
Motor: facial expression muscles (except jaw), eye closure, mouth closure
Sensory: taste (anterior 2/3 of tongue)
Parasympathetic: secretion of saliva & tears
What is CN-VIII
What is its function?
Acoustic nerve
Sensory: hearing and equilibrium
What is CN-IX
What is its function?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Motor: voluntary muscles for swallow and phonation
Sensory: nasopharynx, gag reflex, taste (posterior 1/3 of tongue)
Parasympathetic: secretion of saliva, carotid reflex
What is CN-X
What is its function?
Vagus nerve
Motor: voluntary muscles of phonation & swallow
Sensory: behind the ear, part of the external canal
Parasympathetic: secretion of digestive enzymes, peristalsis, carotid reflex, heart, lungs, digestive tract
What is CN-XI
What is its function?
Spinal Accessory nerve
Motor: turn head, shoulder shrug, some phonation
What is CN-XII
What is its function?
Hypoglossal nerve
Motor: tongue movement for speech, sound articulation, and swallowing
How many cervical nerve roots are there
8 (even though there are only 7 vertebrae)
How do spinal nerves innervate?
What do they form?
Innervate as individual dermatomes
Form peripheral nerves in plexuses with other nerve roots to innervate bodily regions