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Physical Exam Midterm & Final > Eye > Flashcards

Eye Flashcards

1
Q

Line between the lateral and medial canthus

A

Palpebral fissure

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2
Q

Functions of tears include

A

Protect conjunctiva and cornea from drying
Inhibit microbial growth
Make surface of cornea smooth

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3
Q

Muscle involved in opening the eye lid

A

Levator palpebrae

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4
Q

The levator palpebrae is controlled by CN #

A

CN #3

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5
Q

Attached to the lens, pulls on it to change its shape and adjust eye sight

A

Cilliary muscle

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6
Q

Everything in front of the ciliary body

A

Anterior chamber

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7
Q

Drains the vitrious humor from the eye

A

Canal of Schlemm

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8
Q

What is a common problem with canal of schlemm

A

Common problem in Pts with Glaucoma

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9
Q

Covers the surface of the globe and insides of the eye lids

A

Conjunctiva

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10
Q

What things are normally seen on a healthy fundus

A

retina, fovea, macula and optic disc

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11
Q

What #CN controls the lateral rectus

A

CN #6

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12
Q

What # CN controls the superior oblique

A

CN #4

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13
Q

What cranial nerve controls all other EOM

A

CN #3

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14
Q

Both accommodation & light reaction are controlled by what cranial nerves

A

CN #s 2 & 3

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15
Q

Move light from eye to eye; if you go fast enough both pupils will stay myotic because they won’t have time to react and go back to normal

A

Swinging flashlight test

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16
Q

Constriction of pupil

A

Myotic

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17
Q

What vision level is considered legally blind

A

20/200

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18
Q

Test used to check color blindness

A

Ishihara cards/test

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19
Q

What is the most common color blindness?

Who is it more common in?

A

Red-green color blindness

Men > women

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20
Q

Term for most forms of color blindness

A

Dichromacy

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21
Q

Color blindness is a _______ issue which results in a defect in the _________

A

Genetic issue

Retinal cones

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22
Q

Normal pupil size is…

A

3 - 5 mm

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23
Q

Large pupils

A

Mydriasis (sympathetic)

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24
Q

Irregular/unequal pupils between the 2 eyes

A

Ansicorcia

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25
Q

Small pupils

A

Miosis (parasympathetic)

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26
Q

Possible causes or large and small pupils

A 
large = drugs, fight or flight, excitation
small = opiods
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27
Q

APD

A

Afferent pupillary defect

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28
Q

What is the most common cause of APD Marcus Gunn

A

Optic nerve disease/lesion -> eyes react but don’t accommodate to light

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29
Q

What is APD Argyll Robinson caused by & what does it cause

A

Syphillis -> eyes accommodate but doesn’t react to light

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30
Q

What is APD CN #3 palsy cuased by & what does it do

A

DM II -> damage to nerves due to hyperglycemia

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31
Q

What will CN #3 palsy present as

A

Outward eye d/t tone of CN VI, no direct response, lid lag

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32
Q

Important causes of absent light reflex include

A

Cataracts
Retinoblastoma
Retinal detachment

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33
Q

What is a retinoblastoma

A

Congenital eye CA in newborn usually found in newborn exam

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34
Q

Esotropia

A

Adducted eye

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35
Q

Exotropia

A

Abducted eye

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36
Q

The corneal reflex (closing the eye) is controlled by what cranial nerve

A

CN #3

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37
Q

Accommodation, or convergence of the eyes towards the nose to follow the object, is controlled by CN #s

A

CN #2 & 3

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38
Q

Accommodation is irregular/not intact with what disease/condition

A

Abnormal with syphilis

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39
Q

Visual field defects are often caused by…

A

Glaucoma or cranial lesions/abnormalities

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40
Q

Right homonymoushemianopsia due to lesion in the…

A

L optic tract

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41
Q

Bitemporal hemianopsia due to lesion in the…

A

Optic Chiasm

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42
Q

Anterior pituitary lesion/tumor often leads to a…

A

Bitemporal hemianopsia

43
Q

Can be normal or abnormal; Normal/rhythmical beats of the eye; abnormal may be signs or neurological issue or lesion in the brain

A

Nystagmus

44
Q

Normal, abnormal, or both?
Horizontal Nystagmus
Vertical Nystagmus

A

Horizontal Nystagmus -> may be normal or abnormal; slight while looking laterally is normal
Vertical Nystagmus -> NEVER a normal sign

45
Q

Lid lag

A

Ptosis

46
Q

Ptosis is due to a problem with CN #…

A

CN #3

47
Q

Unilateral miosis, anhidrosis (lack of swaeting), ptosis due to lesion that interrupts post-gangionic sympathetic fibers from the Stellate ganglion in the neck or along the carotid is known as…

A

Horner’s syndrome

48
Q

Possible cause of Horner’s syndrome is

A

Pancost tumor

49
Q

Exversion of the eye lid; more common in elderly; causes excessive tearing

A

Ectropion

50
Q

Inversion of the eye lid

A

Entropion

51
Q

Red, flacky, itchy, increased production of cebum

A

Blepharitis

52
Q

Soft tissues around the eye are affected; often caused by bacteria such as S. aureus; usually treated with a 3rd gen cephalosporin

A

Periorbital Cellulitis

53
Q

Pain with EOM movement is usually associated with…

A

Orbital cellulitis

54
Q

Swelling around the eyes; consider hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, seasonal allergies

A

Periorbital Edema

55
Q

Medical emergency that activates from the trigeminal nerve from a virus that lied dormant; skin lesions on the tip of the nose (Hutchinson sign) can indicate risk of ocular involvement

A

Herpes Zoster ophthalmicus

56
Q

Condition due to staph infection of the memolian gland; not threatening/serious in most cases unless left untreated; may be uncomfortable and cause slight pain; common

A

Hordeolum AKA sty

57
Q

How do you treat a hordeolum

A

Tx with warm compress and Abx

58
Q

Scarring infection; granulomatous inflammation of a meibomian gland that may follow an internal hordeolum

A

Chalazion

59
Q

Sign of severe hyperlipidemia

A

Xanthelasma

60
Q

Bacterial superinfection of the lacrimal sac due to staph or strep; backing up of the drainage that leads to infection

A

Dacrocystitis

61
Q

Type of conjunctivitis; usually unilateral, redness with more yellow/pussy discharge with adenopathy

A

Bacterial conjunctivitis

62
Q

Type of conjunctivitis; usually bilateral due to touching of eyes, not as red and less discharge, accompanied by preauricular adenopathy

A

Viral conjunctivitis

63
Q

Type of conjunctivitis; less redness, stringy discharge

A

Allergic conjunctivitis

64
Q

Painless, no visual disturbance; caused by rupture of small subconjunctival vessles due to cough, sneeze, valsalva, trauma; associated with HTN or coagulopathy if recurrent

A

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

65
Q

Medical emergency caused by inflammation of the uvea (iris, choroid, ciliary body); pain with eye movements, photophobia, blurring, myosis, ciliary injection,inflammatory cells and flare on slit lamp observation

A

Iritis

66
Q

Acute medical emergency; acute pain, vision loss, steaming cornea, circumlimbal/ciliary injection, dilated pupil, nausea/vomiting

A

Acute Glaucoma

67
Q

Most common cause of acute glaucoma

A

Impeded aqueous outflow through the canal of schlemm

68
Q

Actual blood in the anterior chamber of the eye

A

Hyphema

69
Q

How do you treat hyphema

A

Immediate drainage of the blood from the chamber

70
Q

Bulging of the eyeballs

A

Exophthalmos

71
Q

Bilateral Exophthalmos is seen in…

A

Grave’s disease

72
Q

Unilateral Exophthalmos is seen in…

A

Tumor, granulomatous disease, trauma

73
Q

Differences in the size of the pupils

A

Anisocoria

74
Q

Dysconjugate gaze; imbalance in ocular muscle tone; causes include hereditary, orbital disease, tumor, CNS infarct or hemorrhage

A

Stabismus

75
Q

Harmless age related lesion on bulbar conjunctiva – not associated with vision loss
Associated with sun, wind, dry air exposure

A

Pinguecula

76
Q

Thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that encroaches on the cornea; accommpanied by vision loss; needs to be removed

A

Pterygium

77
Q

Copper deposition into cornea

A

Kayser-Fleischer rings

78
Q

What disease causes Kayser-Fleischer rings

A

Wilson’s disease

79
Q

Wilson’s disease is an ____________ genetic disease leading to ______________

A

Autosomal recessive; dysfunctional copper transport leads to multisystemically abnormal copper deposition into tissues

80
Q

Common in elderly Pts; grayish hue around the cornea

A

Corneal (senile) arcus

81
Q

Corneal (senile) arcus seen in younger pts could be a sign of…

A

Hyperlipidemia

82
Q

No red reflex can be problem due to…

A

Retinal tear/detachment or retinal blastoma

83
Q

Area of retina responsible for detailed central vision (i.e reading print), high acuity vision

A

Macula

84
Q

Found within the macula; high density of cones (photoreceptors) for high acuity vision

A

Fovea

85
Q

On a normal fundoscopic exam the optic cup should be ______ the diameter of the disc

A

Cup should be ½ the diameter of the disc

86
Q

On a normal fundoscopic exam arteries should be _________ than the veins

A

Arteries more transparent than the veins

87
Q

Area of deeper pigmentation around the optic disc – developmental variation

A

Choroid crescent

88
Q

On fundoscopic exam, vein appears to stop abruptly on either side of the artery

A

AV nicking

89
Q

AV nicking is commonly seen due to

A

HTN

90
Q

Occular hemorrhages are often seen in _______ Pts

A

HTN

91
Q

Hemorrhages can be caused by….

A

Papilledema, retinal vein occlusion, DM

92
Q

Type of hemorrhages that are more obscure and the in margins

A

Superficial

93
Q

Type of hemorrhages that are a little redder and more discrete

A

Deep

94
Q

Type of hemorrhage that occurs between the retina and vitreous space

A

Pre-retinal hemorrhages

95
Q

What do pre-retinal hemorrhages indicate

A

Indicates increased ICP which directly impacts the retina and the optic nerve and optic vessels

96
Q

New vessels that are more torturous, numerous, and fragile

A

Neovascularity

97
Q

Neovascularity is commonly seen in…

A

Commonly see in diabetic retinopathy and may bleed and lead to retinal detachment

98
Q

White/gray lesions; due to optic nerve infarcts; again seen in HTN and DM Pts

A

Soft exudates

99
Q

Similar to soft exudates except more sharp in appearance and creamy or yellow with hard borders; seen in DM and HTN

A

Hard exudates

100
Q

Look like hard exudates; May lead to macular degeneration

A

Drusen bodies

101
Q

Condition accompanied by neovascularity, AV nicking, and exudates

A

Diabetic retinopathy

102
Q

Condition with no neovascularity; hard (and soft) exudates, retinal hemorrhages, and microaneurysms

A

Hypertensive retinopathy

103
Q

Engorgement and edema of the optic disc due to elevated ICP

A

Papilledema

104
Q

Cherry red spot on fovea goes along with 2 conditions:
If seen in an infant it is…
If seen in others it is…

A 
Infant = taysachs disease
Others = central retinal artery occlusion

Physical Exam Midterm & Final (11 decks)

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