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Physical Exam Midterm & Final > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 quadrants of the abdomen

A

Right upper
Left upper
Right lower
Left lower

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2
Q

Point 2/3 of the way between the umbilicus and the anterior superior illiac spine -> where the appendix sits (on the right side)

A

McBurney’s point

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3
Q

Where do you palpate the aorta?

A

Epigastric region around the midline in between the RUQ and LUQ

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4
Q

On what line of the chest does the gallbladder lie?

A

Right mid-clavicular line

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5
Q

Which renal artery is longer

A

Right

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6
Q

What are the retroperitoneal organs?

A 
Pancreas
Kidneys
Ureters
Aorta
Vena cava
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7
Q

What is the main artery that bleeds during an ulcer

A

Gastroduodenal artery

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8
Q

What is the correct order to perform the abdominal exam?

A

Least invasive to most invasive:

Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, Palpation

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9
Q

Protruding belly button

A

Herniated umbilicus

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10
Q

Stretch marks, red lines on the belly

A

Striae

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11
Q

Bulging stomach, may be due to ascites

A

Rotund

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12
Q

Abdominal varicies, part of the hepatic portal, highly indicative of liver failure

A

Caput Medusa

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13
Q

Stretching of the linea alba leading to rectus separation into two halves; common in premature neonates and in pregnant women

A

Diastasis Recti

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14
Q

Normal amount of bowel sounds per minute

A

5-35

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15
Q

Stomach & intestines stopped moving; often result of anesthetics or gall stones; belly becomes rotund because they are trapping air in the GI tract

A

Ileus

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16
Q

Causes of increased bowel sounds

A

Gastroenteritis, hunger, early obstruction -

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17
Q

Causes of decreased bowel sounds

A

Peritonitis, adynamic ileus, late obstruction

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18
Q

What are the expected percussion sounds in the following areas?

  • Over most of abdomen?
  • Over bladder?
  • Over liver?
  • Over stomach?
  • Over spleen?
  • Over most of abdomen if patient is very constipated?
A
  • Over most of abdomen? = Tympanic
  • Over bladder? = Flat or dull
  • Over liver? = Dull
  • Over stomach? = Empty is tympanic; Full is dull
  • Over spleen? = Dull
  • Over most of abdomen if patient is very constipated? = Dull
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19
Q

Where do you percuss for the spleen

A

Left axillary line, 10th ICS

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20
Q

What does positive CVA tenderness suggest

A

Pyelonephritis

21
Q

What area do you palpate last?

A

The area in pain

22
Q

Poorly localized periumbilical pain followed by right lower quadrant pain that is aggravated by any movement or cough

A

Acute appendicitis

23
Q

Appendix sits slightly below/behind the secum and is located closer to the rectum

A

Retro-cecal appendix

24
Q

Withdrawl pain or pain with any jarring movements

A

Rebound tenderness

25
Q

Pain in the RLQ during LLQ palpation and during LLQ withdrawal (referred rebound tenderness); very specific for appendicitis

A

Rovsing’s Sign

26
Q

Movement of the leg (especially using the psoas muscle) illiciting extreme pain in appendicitis

A

Psoas Sign

27
Q

Bending the knee to 90 degrees then rotating it in medially; causes extreme pain with appendicitis

A

Obturator sign

28
Q

Inspiratory arrest due to pain with pressure and inhalation, positive test implies cholecystitis

A

Murphy’s sign

29
Q

Shifting dullness is a test for…

A

Ascites

30
Q

Fluid wave is a test for…

A

Ascites

31
Q

Flank pain that radiates around the front to the testicle/labia is due to

A

Ureteral stone

32
Q

Translocation of a structure or viscous from its normal position in the body to an abnormal position in the body through a natural boundary

A

Hernia

33
Q

Part of the stomach herniated into the chest cavity through the esophageal hiatus; most are sliding

A

Hiatal Hernia

34
Q

Hernia also known as a herniated disk

A

Herniated Nucleus Pulposus

35
Q

Ventral Hernias can be…

A

Epigastric, Umbilical, or Incisional

36
Q

Inguinal Hernia can be…

A

Direct, Indirect, Femoral

37
Q

What are the 2 types of hiatal hernias

A

Sliding & Paraesophageal (rolling)

38
Q

Protrusion of a peritoneal-lined sac through some defect in the abdominal wall

A

Ventral hernia

39
Q

Defect, weakness, or disruption of the linea alba with protrusion of peritoneal contents

A

Epigastric hernia

40
Q

Usually due to a congenital fascial defect around the umbilicus

A

Umbilical hernia

41
Q

Result of defect/weakness at the site of a surgical repair

A

Incisional hernia

42
Q

What is the most common external abdominal hernia

A

Indirect inguinal hernia

43
Q

Which type of hernia has the highest risk of incarcaration and strangulation

A

Femoral hernia

44
Q

Classification of a hernia that is freely mobile; contents of hernia sac return to abdominal cavity spontaneously or with manual pressure

A

Reducible

45
Q

Classification of a hernia that is not reducible but no signs of comprimise

A

Incarcerated

46
Q

Classification of a hernia that has the blood supply cut off; contents becoming ischemic; NOT reducibl

A

Strangulated

47
Q

A strangulated hernia is a medical emergency. What is it at risk for?

A

Risk of Perforation, Gangrene, Sepsis, & Death

48
Q

Signs of compromise with a hernia include…

A

Redness, pain, inflammation, color change (blue, purple), fever, signs of sepsis/gangreene

Physical Exam Midterm & Final (11 decks)

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