neuroimaging + language (dr driscoll) Flashcards
EEG measures
post-synaptic potentials
100s-1000s of neurons
how is the spacial resolution of EEGs
not so good (~2cm)
what is the temporal resolution of EEG
milliseconds
what does a CT/CAT scan measure
electromagnetci conduction
how is the spacial resolution of CT scans
mid asf (~2mm)
what is the temporal resolution of CT scan
none (snapshot image)
what do MRIs measure
atom ‘wobble’ from radio waves
how is the spacial resolution of MRIs
great! (up to 100 nanometers)
what is the temporal resolution of MRIS
none. (snapshot image)
what does a PET scan measure
radioisotope decay (FDG)
how is the spacial resolution of a PET scan
not great, (~1cm)
what is the temporal resolution of PET scans
seconds
what do fMRIs measure
changes in oxygination
how is the spacial resolution of fMRIs
good (~1-2mm)
what is the temporal resolution fMRIs
~1 sec
what does DTI stand for
diffusion tensor imaging
what does DTI measure
water flow (white matter)
how is the spacial resolution of DTIs
good (1mm)
what is the temporal resolution of DTIs
none. (snapshot image)
T1 weighted image
T1 = type of MRI image
gray matter = gray
white matter = white
fluid = black
T2 weighted image
T2 = type of MRI image
gray matter = light gray
white matter = dark gray
fluid = white
which type of neuroimaging technique can measure functional conectivity
fMRI
what connects broca’s area and wernicke’s area
arcuate fasiculus
speaking a heard word (process)
- info about sound is analized in primary auditory cortex
- wernicke’s area analizes the sound info to determine the word(s) that were said
- info from wernicke’s area is transmitted to broca’s area through the arcuate fasiculus
- broca’s area forms a motor plan to repeat the word and sends that to motor cortex
- motor cortex implements broca’s area plan (manipulating larynx and related structures to speak word)
speaking a written word (process)
- visual cortex analizes the image and transmits info about image to angular gyrus
- angular gyrus decodes image info to recognize word(s) and associates this visual form with the spoken form in wernicke’s area
- info about the word is transmitted via the arcuate fasiculis to broca’s area
- broca’s area forms motor plan to say appropriate word(s) and transmits plan to motor cortex
- motor cortex impliments broca’s area plan and speaks word(s(
prosody (def)
emotional aspects of speach (tone, loudness, etc)
damage to the arcuate fasiculus is called BLANK
conduction aphasia
symptoms of conduction aphasia (2) + can they still comprehend
- fluent but nonsensicle production
- cannot repeat spoken words
- CAN comprehend speach
injury to area surrounding brocas area is called
transcortical motor aphasia
symptoms of transcortical motor aphasia
- non-fluent verbal output
- effortful, short speach with lack of grammer
- CAN REPEAT
injury to area surrounding wernickes area is called
transcortical sensory aphasia
symptoms of transcortical sensory aphasia
- difficulty naming objects
- difficulty distinguishing words
- ALL SYMPTOMS OF wernickes aphasia BUT CAN REPEAT
symptoms of wernicke’s aphasia (5)
- pure word deafness (cant distinguish/identify words or stop consinents)
- comprehension problem (cannot understand meaning of words)
- cannot convert meaning into words (cat = hat, bed = cake) + neologisms (making up words)
- syntactically correct but empty sentances
- unaware of deficit
symptoms of broca’s aphasia (5)
- problems articulating speach
- anomia (problems with sequencing words)
- agrammatism (not good at parts of speach, order of speach, sytax, etc)
- speach is labored and slow
- aware of deficit + comprehension is intact
