Neuroimaging Flashcards
Is neuroimaging correlation or causation?
Correlation
What does the majority of neuroimaging studies focus on?
Patient who have already had brain differences.
What is single dissociation?
The loss or impairment of a brain function can be related to a single physical difference in the brain. e.g. language production related to brocas area in the frontal lobe.
What is double dissociation?
A situation where a single dissociation can be demonstrated in one person but the opposite type of single dissociation can be present in another, non reliable or constant causes.
What is triple dissociation?
Where a single dissociation of related brain processes can be demonstrated in 3 different individuals indicating independence of subprocesses.
What are the two types of strokes?
Ischemic stroke: a clot block s blood flow to an area of the brain.
Hemorrhagic stroke: Bleeding occurs inside or around the brain tissue.
What is hemispherical neglect?
A condition after damage to one hemisphere of the brain, deficit in attention or awareness of one side of the body. Commonly contralateral to the damaged hemisphere.
What are the symptoms of hemispherical neglect?
Affects movement, memory, perception and stimuli on one side of the body.
Why are tumours hard to localise?
Because the grow slowly and affect multiple parts of the brain.
What is the lesion technique?
Removing a part of the brain through either surgery or injecting chemicals. It is used to treat neurological dysfunctions or to test casual role of brain areas.
What is neurodegeneration?
The progressive loss of structure or function of neurons which may involve cell death.
How does the classification of illnesses and disorders differ?
Illnesses are categorised as heterogeneous group
disorders are categorised as the deterioration of the central or peripheral nervous system.
What causes Alzheimers disease?
Build up of proteins around the brain cells resulting in loss of neurons and synapses. Amyloid forms plaques around the brain and Tau forms tangling within brain cells.
Where dos Alzheimers disease affect in the brain?
Cerebral cortex and subcortical structures, such as temporal lobe, parietal lobe and parts of the frontal cortex and cingulate gyrus.
What are the symptoms of Alzheimers disease?
Early is forgetting recent events, forming episodic memories and storing them straight in LTM.
Causes problems with language, mood swings, disorientation, loss of movement and with-drawl.
Gradually body functions are lost and can lead to death.
What brain functions are the symptoms of Alzheimers linked to?
Memory, language decay of mental lexicon, neural degenerations, forgetting and executive functioning.
What is an atypical disorder?
Disorders that effect the nervous system development leading to abnormal brain functioning.
When are atypical disorders diagnosed?
Typically during development and last a lifetime.
What are examples of atypical disorders?
DLD, development language disorder.
Autism spectrum disorder.
Down syndrome.
Learning disorders such as dyslexia or dyscalculia.
What is autism spectrum disorder?
Affects information processing in the brain and how nerve cells and synapses are organised, effecting social development, communication, face and emotion recognition, attention, sensory ability is heightened. Struggle with figurative language and interference.
