Neurogenic Communication Disorders Part 2 Flashcards
strength
the ability of a muscle to contract
the amount of force the muscle can generate
(basis motion)
coordination
the ability to move a muscle of group of muscles in a smooth, coordinated action, where all muscles are working towards the same goal and succeeding
range of motion
the distance an articulator can move from its resting position
subcortical CVAs usually occur where?
- basil ganglia
- diencephalon
- subcortical structures
what do subcortical CVAs result in?
-slow movement
-tremor
-quick jerking motions
(extrapyramidal symptoms)
pyramidal system
main motor system, basic movements
extra pyramidal system
sensory feedback that influences and fine tunes motor movements
subcortical CVA therapy
geared towards increasing feedback about motor movement and improving coordination and range of motion
what does a cerebellar CVA result in?
ataxia, a disorder of coordination
ataxia symptoms
- coordination is poor
- articulators often miss their target
- voice is inconsistent and weak
- volume fluctuates
- error patterns are more consistent than apraxia
- no weakness just poor coordination
- present all the time
cerebellar CVA therapy focuses on..
improving coordination through increased feedback and progressively more complex oral movements and speech
-prognosis is good for single lesion
brainstem functions
- basic bodily functions
- heart rate
- respiration
- swallowing
- gastrointestinal control
- brainstem is the major connection point for crainial nerves invovled in speech
brainstem CVA
rare and almost always severe
results of a brainstem CVA
1) flaccid dysarthria
2) mixed flaccid/spastic dysarthria
brainstem CVA therapy
focuses on increasing/decreasing muscle tone as appropriate
takes a long time
dysarthria
reduced muscle function, motor image is okay
mainly due to subcortical lesions
spastic dysarthria
too much muscle tone, greatly limits movement
less coordination and range of motion
upper motor neurons
flaccid dysarthria
too little muscle tone
lower motor neurons
hypokinetic dysarthria
too little movement
damage to extra pyramidal system, specfically the basil ganglia and brainstem
hyperkinetic dysarthria
associated with damage to extrapyramidal system usually due to progressive diseases or use of drugs, rarely occurs because of stroke
- sudden spasms
- tongue moves unpredictably
ataxic dysarthria
associated with damage to the cerebellum
coordination difficulties, imprecise artic
