Aphasia Flashcards
Central Nervous System (CNS)
brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)`
all the nerves that connects the CNS with the muscles, organs, sense receptors, and glands of the body
Higher-order language functions (comprehension) associated with…
the brain
Speech (motor production) is associated with…
BOTH the cns and pns
CNS structure (6)
- spinal cord
- brainstem/cerebellum
- diencephalon
- subcortical nuclei
- white matter tracts
- cortex
Spinal cord, brainstem, cerebellum are usually associated with what functions?
BASIC functions
- connections to peripheral nerves
- regulation of respiration and heart rhythm
Diencephalon and up are associated with…
higher cognitive functions
What functions are associated with the cortex?
high-level functioning
- decision making
- language
left hemisphere is dominant for
sequential processing
language
DETAILS
right hemisphere is dominant for
spatial processing nonlinguistic tone (stress, intonation)
HOLISTIC
functions of frontal lobe
decision making
motor planning
functions of temporal lobe
auditory processing
*heschl’s area
functions of parietal lobe
processing of somatic sensation (touch)
integration of multiple modalities
ex) pairing sound with vision
functions of occipital lobe
visual processing
language areas
- left temporal lobe
- left frontal
- left parietal
- arcuate fisiculus
left temporal lobe
- auditory processing of sequential info
- location of wernicke’s area-decodes receptive language
left frontal lobe
sequential motor planning
- broca’s area is on the 3rd frontal
- convolution of LH-motor planning for speech (production)
- areas around brocas are important for formulating language
left parietal lobe
angular and supermarginal gyri are important for coordination of visual, tactile, and auditory info
very important for READING
arcuate fasciculus
a white matter connection that goes from wernicke’s area to broca’s area
paraphasia
the errors in production that people with aphasia make
usually involve problems at word level
phonemic paraphasia
1 or more phonemes are replaced in a word
semantic paraphasia
wrong word used (seen in fluent aphasias)
neologism
new word, no meaning
fluent aphasia
- lacks content
- comprehension is poor
- damage to temporal and or parietal lobes
nonfluent aphasia
- content words only
- lose articles and modifiers
- auditory comprehension is good
- damage to frontal lobe
transcortical motor aphasia
- similar to brocas
- tendency to repeat incoming utterances
transcortical sensory aphasia
- comprehension deficits similar to wernicke’s
- poor content
- fluently repeat incoming language without understanding it
conduction aphasia
- damage to AF
- cannot repeat
- disconnect of comprehension and expression although each is relatively in tact
alexia
aquired inability to read due to damage of parietal lobe (angular and supermarginal gyri)
-common in fluent aphasias
agraphia
acquired inability to write
agraphia without alexia is…
RARE
