Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroscience Unit 4 > Neuroendocrinology > Flashcards

Neuroendocrinology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
WSET ® Level 4 D2 Business of Wine flashcards
1
Q

Synaptic Communication

A

Chemical diffusing across synaptic clefts; causes change in the postsynaptic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Autocrine Communication

A

Released chemicals act on the releasing cell itself, therefore affecting its own activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Paracrine Communication

A

Released chemical signal diffuses to nearby target cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pheromone Communication

A

Chemical signal released outside the body and affects members of the same species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Allomone Communication

A

A chemical signal released outside the body by one species to affect another species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Endocrine Communication

A

Hormone released into the bloodstream to selectively affect distant target organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define the Endocrine System

A

A system of glands that make hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define endocrine glands

A

A gland that secretes hormones into the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define hormones

A

Chemicals secreted by endocrine cells that are carried through the bloodstream to act on other parts of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Characteristics of Hormone Actions

A

Frequently act gradually, changes may persist for various timings (even after hormone release is over); quantities and types often influenced by environmental factors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

IMPORTANT FACTORS about Hormone Actions

A

Produced in small amounts often bursts. Levels vary throughout the day. Can interact with and affect each other but only effect cells WITH ITS RECEPTOR.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2 types of feedback control mechanisms

A

Negative Feedback and TSH (Thyroid-stimulating hormone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define Neuroendocrinology

A

The study of the interaction between the nervous system and endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define neuroendocrine cells

A

Neurosecretory cells; neuron that releases hormones into bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define neuromodulators

A

A substance that influences the activity of synaptic transmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

3 Major Classes of Hormones

A

Peptide, Amine, and Steroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do Peptide hormones bind to?

A

A string of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do Amine hormones bind to?

A

Modified amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do Steroid hormones bind to?

A

Cholesterol derivative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is the pineal gland located?

A

In the mid-line of the brain, very small secretory neuroendocrine organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Affect of transcription factor

A

Controls expression of genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Function of Pineal Gland

A

Reproductive maturation, body rhythms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hormone secreted by Pineal Gland

A

Melatonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the function of Melatonin?

A

Regulates sleep-wake cycle. In humans, secreted at night.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

In hamsters, when does melatonin get produced?

A

During the non-breeding season.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which nervous system innervates melatonin release?

A

CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Location of the hypothalamus

A

Ventral brain; above the pituitary gland and below the third ventricle

28
Q

Function of the Hypothalamus

A

Control of hormone secretions

29
Q

Location of the Pituitary Gland

A

Ventral part of the brain; looks like a pair of balls

30
Q

Another name of Pituitary Gland

A

Hypophysis

31
Q

Names for 2 balls of Pituitary Gland

A

Left is the Anterior Pituitary (Adenohypophysis), Right is the Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysis)

32
Q

What hormones does the neurohypophysis secrete?

A

Vasopressin and Oxytocin

33
Q

Function of Oxytocin

A

Stimulates milk release, stimulated by suckling (breastfeeding)

34
Q

Nickname for Oxytocin

A

Social Bonding Hormone

35
Q

Define Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A

Developmental disorder characterized by impaired social interactions and language, as well as a narrow range of interests and activites

36
Q

Define Perseveration

A

Repeated Movement, part of ASD

37
Q

What’s genetic component

A

Chronic treatment of knockout mice with oxytocin early in life seemed to permanently restore social behavior in adulthood.

38
Q

Define Vasopressin

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

39
Q

Function of Vasopressin

A

Stimulated by low blood volume/pressure and hyperosmolality.

40
Q

Relationship between hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland

A

The hypothalamus inhibits or stimulates some of the hormones produced in the anterior pituitary gland

41
Q

Hormones secreted by the adenohypophysis

A

HPA (Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis), HPT (hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis)

42
Q

Function of thyroid gland

A

Growth and Development, metabolic rate

43
Q

Function of adrenal cortex

A

Salt and carbohydrate metabolism, inflammatory reactions

44
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

Emotional arousal (epinephrine)

45
Q

Effects of Cortisol

A

(The stress hormone) Shuts down digestion, increases blood pression, suppresses thyroid function

46
Q

HPA Axis

A

Cascade of endocrine pathways that respond to negative feedback loops

47
Q

HTA Axis

A

Functions to maintain normal, circulating levels of thyroid hormone

48
Q

Examples of gonads

A

Testes, Ovaries

49
Q

HPG Axis

A

Produces androgens (testosterone) and estrogens/progestins

50
Q

What is HPG

A

Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis

51
Q

Effects of Estrogen in the Brain

A

Helps to maintain body temperature

52
Q

Effects of Estrogen in the Breasts

A

Stimulates the development of breasts at puberty

53
Q

Effects of Estrogen in Heart and Liver

A

Helps to regulate the liver’s production of cholestrol

54
Q

Effects of Estrogen in the Uterus

A

Stimulates the maturation of the uterus, prepares for a developing fetus

55
Q

Effects of Estrogen in the Ovaries

A

Maturation and starts a women’s cycle

56
Q

Effects of Estrogen in the Vagina

A

Maintains a thick and lubricated vaginal lining

57
Q

Effects of Estrogen on Bone

A

Helps to preserve density

58
Q

Effect of Testosterone on the Brain

A

Sex drive, feelings, and memory

59
Q

Effects of Testosterone on Skin

A

Produces facial hair and body hair

60
Q

Effects of Testosterone on Bone Marrow

A

Produces RBCs

61
Q

Effects of Testosterone on Bone

A

Maintains bone density

62
Q

Effects of Testosterone on Muscle

A

Strength and Muscle mass

63
Q

What is HPP

A

Hypothalamic-pituitary-prolactin Axis

64
Q

Affect of Prolactin

A

Stimulates Milk production, stimulated by suckling

65
Q

HPGH Axis

A

Growth Hormone- Bone Growth

Neuroscience Unit 4 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions